“合作学习”教学模式在大学英语教学中的应用

“合作”学习的英语课堂教学模式是当代主流教学理论与策略之一。论述“合作学习”教学模式的理论基础,介绍其模式结构与实施策略,并分析其优缺点,以期进一步探索适应当今时代需要的大学英语教学模式。     

转型期市场秩序中政府与经营者的博弈分析

当前中国处于转型期,转型初期市场秩序混乱是因为政府与经营者之间的博弈是一种非完全博弈,政府在博弈中居强势地位。随着转型的深入,这种非完全博弈正在也必须向完全博弈转化。政府与经营者之间的博弈趋势应从三个路径突破,才有利于市场秩序的稳定和完善。     

基于博弈模型的“罪刑均衡”思想分析

罪刑均衡思想由来已久,作为刑法理论中最基本的刑罚原则,在对犯人进行科处刑罚方面具有的重要意义早已得到承认,而在预防犯罪方面具有的作用却长期被忽视。犯罪行为实质上是犯人和政府之间的博弈。政府先制订刑法,犯人在观察到刑罚后才选择是否犯罪以及犯何种性质的罪。经济分析表明,改变刑罚的确定性和严厉性就能影响博弈的均衡,从而影响犯罪,刑罚之外的其它措施如果能改变犯罪的成本和收益,也能实现同样的目的,这为预防犯罪提供了一种新的思路。     

走出电子游戏的“概念化”误区

目前我国电子游戏业所面临的问题是,市场上充斥着大量模式单一、缺乏内涵的作品,在看似繁荣的游戏事业表象下,隐藏着巨大的发展危机。这一危机带来的不良后果使大批的青少年沉迷于虚幻的网络世界而不能自拔,并且严重阻碍了电子游戏事业自身的发展。对待这些问题,既不能简单的围追堵截,也不能置之不管任由其恶化．而应该以长远的眼光重新去审视这一现象的根本问题所在,寻找有效可行的解决办法。针对某些游戏从业者所持有的错误观点,试图从电子游戏美学角度去诠释制约电子游戏发展的几点观念上的问题。     

说教与游戏之间：思想政治工作的路径选择

面对高校学子维护自身权利而引发的纠纷时。领导、辅导员各自采取不同方式来化解矛盾的功效不一。究其原因,传统思想政治教育的“说教”方式已不符合高校现代管理的宗旨,相反以“游戏”手段来解纷则是一种崭新尝试。从能动性、权力、媒介和心理学等层面比较“说教”与“游戏”,可以发现后者比前者更具优势。这一创新方法,也许不具有普遍意义,但并非不具有可借鉴性和可操作性,而为高校教育管理提供启迪性思维。     

Measuring people's trust

Summary. We measure trust and trustworthiness in British society with a newly designed experiment using real monetary rewards and a sample of the British population. The study also asks the typical survey question that aims to measure trust, showing that it does not predict 'trust' as measured in the experiment. Overall, about 40% of people were willing to trust a stranger in our experiment, and their trust was rewarded half of the time. Analysis of variation in the trust behaviour in our survey suggests that trusting is more likely if people are older, their financial situation is either 'comfortable' or 'difficult' compared with 'doing alright' or 'just getting by', they are a homeowner or they are divorced, separated or never married compared with those who are married or cohabiting. Trustworthiness also is more likely among subjects who are divorced or separated relative to those who are married or cohabiting, and less likely among subjects who perceive their financial situation as 'just getting by' or 'difficult'. We also analyse the effect of attitudes towards risks on trust.     

Knowledge and opinions of families regarding games—Toy selection for 6 to 12 year old children (the case of Northern Cyprus)

Games and toys are irreplaceable basic needs of children of almost every age. They are also some of the most significant traces of culture. Some of our games and toys lost their original functions, and it is not remembered why they were functionally significant in Turkish Cypriot culture. Families and cultural identity also play a major role regarding different factors leading to changes in toy selection. The purpose of this study is to explore the knowledge and opinions of families regarding games and, in particular, toy selection for 6–12 year old children of Turkish Cypriot families. A survey was administered to 100 households in North Cyprus, and was used as a data collection tool. It was found that the most important factors in the selection of children’s games and toys were (1) the economic opportunities, and (2) children’s desires for toys after seeing them with their friends. A considerable number of families in Northern Cyprus see game-toy selection as important in a child’s social, psychomotor, mental, and cultural construction. Families, especially those living with difficulties, indicated that they cannot afford enough time to encourage playing traditional games. Although new versions of traditional games and toys are being developed and used, it is seen that educated and high-income families are more conscious about the importance of having information about them than others.     

Sociolinguistic interaction and identity construction: The view from game‐theoretic pragmatics

Understanding the dynamics that characterize interaction between conversational participants is a fundamental goal of most theories of socially conditioned language use and identity construction through language. In this paper, I outline a class of formal tools that, I suggest, can be helpful in making progress towards this goal. More precisely, this paper explores how Bayesian signalling game models can be used to formalize key aspects of current sociolinguistic theories, and, in doing so, contribute to our knowledge of how speakers use their linguistic resources to communicate information and carve out their place in the social world. The Bayesian framework has become increasingly popular for the analysis of pragmatic phenomena of many different types, and, more generally, these models have become a dominant paradigm for the explanation of non‐linguistic cognitive processes. As such, I argue that this approach has the potential to yield a formalized theory of personal and social identity construction and to situate the study of sociolinguistic interaction within a broader theory of rationalistic cognition.     

The Association Between the New Rural Cooperative Medical System and Health Care Seeking Behavior Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese

The new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS) is the primary form of social insurance in rural China. This study aims to explore how the NCMS influences the health care seeking behaviors of middle-aged and older Chinese, considering the family and community contexts. A series of multi-level (three-level) models using data from the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) are used. We find that the presence of NCMS coverage has a statistically significant association with seeking inpatient and outpatient care but not physical checkups among middle-aged and older rural Chinese: Rural residents insured by NCMS were more likely to seek inpatient and outpatient care than people who were not insured. Other factors at the individual level (such as self-perceived health and number of doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases), the family level (such as living arrangements and household expenditures), and the community level (such as the presence of township hospitals within the community) are also significant predictors of health care seeking behaviors.     

河北省新型农村合作医疗制度存在的问题及对策

新型农村合作医疗试行以来,在预防农民因病返贫、因病致贫方面取得了一定效果,但在实际工作中仍存在一些问题。究其原因,一是由于新农合宣传工作不到位,农民尚不能完全理解新农合的意义,并由此产生一定误解;二是由于医患关系日趋复杂,致使新农合面临巨大压力。本文通过对河北省部分市县新农合试行状况的调查分析,对其中的典型问题进行了总结,并提出了相应的改进措施。