中国区域经济重心的历史演化初探

区域经济是中国当前经济发展的主要特征,这是因为中国是一个地域广阔而地形复杂、人口众多却分布不均、资源丰富而人均不足、历史悠久而发展不平衡的发展中国家。中国区域经济及其重心经过了漫长的历史演进过程。在这一过程中,大体上分为区域经济重心与政治中心统一一体和分离分化两个历史阶段。了解区域经济发展及其重心迁移的历史演进,结合现实把握区域经济发展状况和发展规律,是研究中国区域经济布局的关键。     

脑梗死与老年性痴呆关系的研究

目的通过对患者血清中β-淀粉样蛋白(β-AP)的测定,探讨脑梗死与老年性痴呆的关系。方法分别测定脑梗死组与正常老年人组β-AP进行对照性研究。结果通过对结果的比较证实二者之间β-AP存在显著性差异。结论脑梗死和老年性痴呆有内在联系,存在着因果关系。     

Conditions for Exercising Residents’ Voting Rights in Long-Term Care Residences: A Prospective Multicenter Study

To assess voting conditions in long-term care settings, we conducted a multicenter survey after the 2009 European elections in France. A questionnaire about voting procedures and European elections was proposed in 146 out of 884 randomized facilities. Sixty-four percent of facilities answered the questionnaire. Four percent of residents voted (national turnout: 40%), by proxy (58%) or at polling places (42%). Abstention related to procedural issues was reported in 32% of facilities. Sixty-seven percent of establishments had voting procedures, and 53% declared that they assessed residents’ capacity to vote. Assistance was proposed to residents for voter registration, for proxy voting, and for voting at polling places, respectively, in 33%, 87%, and 80% of facilities. This survey suggests that residents may be disenfranchised and that more progress should be made to protect the voting rights of residents in long-term care facilities.     

走不出命运怪圈

张恨水小说《夜深沉》中的杨月容是典型的女伶悲剧形象.残酷的生存环境在把她推向人生炼狱的同时,铸就了她抗争的秉性.但抗争结果却没有摆脱沦为有闲阶级享乐工具的命运.从卖唱维生的大杂院大众情人到供有闲阶级享用的剧院明星,再到觉醒后毅然逃出堕落围城回到民间重操旧业以糊口,她像在沉沉黑夜里走了一个"鬼打墙"的怪圈.这是一个不以抗争者意志为转移的命运怪圈.杨月容最终没有走出这个怪圈,却以抗争失败后的反思与觉醒实证了女伶悲剧人生的社会必然性.     

The food insecurity―obesity paradox as a vicious cycle for women: inequalities and health

Poverty and income inequality undermine women's health in a myriad of ways. This article discusses findings from the Full Plate Project, which addressed women's experience of food security, obesity, and chronic disease in Atlantic Canada. Through first-hand accounts, it identifies a vicious cycle surrounding the food insecurity–obesity paradox. The cycle's core elements included experiences of poverty, food insecurity and nutritional deprivation, weight gain leading to obesity, stress, and experiences of chronic illness. These mainly qualitative findings provide a vivid and multi-layered analysis of the effects of inequalities on health. A majority of Full Plate participants were lone mothers and unattached women, and existing outside of a two-adult member household framework. The vicious cycles experienced are intertwined and cannot be addressed by compartmentalising elements of health or social services. Evidence indicates that policies must respond fully to the social determinants of health and multiple inequalities related to poverty, gender, age, mobility, disability, location, culture, coping skills, and other dynamics.     

Using repeated-prevalence data in multi-state modeling of renal replacement therapy

Multi-state models help predict future numbers of patients requiring specific treatments but these models require exhaustive incidence data. Deriving reliable predictions from repeated-prevalence data would be helpful. A new method to model the number of patients that switch between therapeutic modalities using repeated-prevalence data is presented and illustrated. The parameters and goodness of fit obtained with the new method and repeated-prevalence data were compared to those obtained with the classical method and incidence data. The multi-state model parameters’ confidence intervals obtained with annually collected repeated-prevalence data were wider than those obtained with incidence data and six out of nine pairs of confidence intervals did not overlap. However, most parameters were of the same order of magnitude and the predicted patient distributions among various renal replacement therapies were similar regardless of the type of data used. In the absence of incidence data, a multi-state model can still be successfully built with annually collected repeated-prevalence data to predict the numbers of patients requiring specific treatments. This modeling technique can be extended to other chronic diseases.     

地球化学环境与地方病

通过对地方病 (主要介绍地方性甲状腺肿、克山病和地方性氟中毒 )与环境联系的介绍 ,从环境的角度认识地方病产生的原因 ,使人们认识一些地方病产生的地球化学成因 ,并通过调节人类自身的行为来预防地方病 ,使人们能够更加科学、健康地生活。     

略论气候与季节变化对中国古代文学创作的影响

中国古代文学与气候之间的关系密切。一年有四季,而四季气候有别;不同的气候决定了四时迥异的“物容”或物候特征;气候及物候影响着古代文学家的“感物”方式、文学表现内容。古代文学家在四时物候的感召下,创作了海量具有鲜明季节性和抒情性的文学作品,形成了具有多种普遍性和代表性的“四季”文学抒情范式。     

Ethnicity as a risk indicator for musculoskeletal disease, long consultation times and care utilization A prospective visitor study of 438 consecutive adult consultations of a primary health care centre

This article shows the influence of ethnicity (people born outside Sweden and in Sweden) and social class (socioeconomic class) on the distribution of diagnoses, consultation time and health care utilization in primary health care controlled for sex, age, marital status and educational level. The study was designed as a prospective primary health care utilization study during 7 consecutive weeks. Of a total of 439 adults who lived in the residential area, 290 were born in Sweden and 149 were born elsewhere. The data were analysed unmatched with logistic regression and Poisson regression in main effect models. People born outside Sweden received significantly more diagnoses per consultation than people born in Sweden. The strongest independent risk indicator for musculoskeletal disease was being born outside Sweden, with an estimated odds ratio (OR) of 5.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.70–8.72. Age over 44 was associated with increased odds for musculoskeletal disease. Respiratory disease, as an indicator of less serious disease, were significantly less common among people born outside Sweden (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.33–0.87). Being born outside Sweden was a risk indicator for consultations longer than 30 minutes (OR = 3.03, 95% CI=1.18–7.43). There were no differences between people born in Sweden and those born elsewhere in health and utilization. Social class was not associated with any of the dependent variables.     

NOS3基因与阿尔茨海默病患病风险关联的研究

目的：阿尔茨海默病（ AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病,与基因的多态性有关,包括内皮一氧化氮合酶3（ NOS3）发生变化。 NOS分解一氧化氮,并且在血脑屏障中起到有关键作用。探索NOS3基因（ rs1799983,G）与中国南方人群阿尔茨海默病患病风险的关联。方法采用病例-对照研究,在74例散发性患者和139例对照者中,对NOS3基因（rs1799983, G）进行两组间的等位基因及遗传模型基因型差异分析,NOS3基因使用聚合酶连反应-限制性内切酶（ PCR-RFLP）方法分型并测序进行验证。结果①NOS3基因（rs1799983,G）风险等位基因和基因型的频率在病例组和对照间组间的分布无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。②NOS3基因（rs1799983,G）在AD患者中携带ApoE4与非携带ApoEε4两组间基因型频率无显著性差异。结论研究显示NOS3基因rs1799983,G可能与中国南方人群AD患病风险无关联。