黄山绞股兰对赡蜍体心脏的作用

蟾蜍离体心脏灌流实验表明:黄山采集的绞股兰、绞股兰茶剂、生晒参在低浓度时均能增加蟾蜍离体心脏的收缩振幅。其作用为:黄山绞股兰>生晒参>绞股兰茶剂,其后作用也以黄山绞股兰最强。高浓度时均能抑制心脏的搏动,使心脏停止于收缩状态,更换任氏液后心脏的搏动可以恢复。三种药物均对心率无明显的影响。     

童心·童趣·童言——李建树、杨明火儿童文学创作论

在浙东当代儿童作家中,李建树和杨明火是以其成果丰硕、风格独具及名闻遐迩而成为最具代表性的作家.他们在探索欣悦纯真的童心、追求幽默隽永的童趣和铸造活泼本色的童言等诸方面各有独特而鲜明的艺术个性.同时,当代儿童的时代精神面貌,风格化的地域文化色彩和作家自身的艺术气质都融注在他们的作品中成为这两位作家具魅力的标志性特征.     

妨害传染病防治罪的立法缺陷及其补救

对妨害传染病防治罪存在的立法问题作出评述,提出该罪的可罚范围有待拓宽、行为方式有待明确、与刑法其他罪名需要进一步衔接及统一、刑罚设置上有待进一步完善。     

643例老干部健康体检患病情况分析

目的探讨影响老干部健康的主要疾病及预防策略。方法采用常规健康体检方法对我区643例老(≥60岁)干部进行全面体检及心电图、血液生化指标的检查,并以同时进行体检的1147例老年前期(50～59岁)干部作为对照。结果高脂血症、脂肪肝、高血糖、肾结石、高血压和前列腺增生为这些人群中患病率较高的前六位疾病。老年组中脂肪肝、高血压、高血糖和前列腺增生的患病率均高于老年前期组(P<0．05-0．005),高脂血症和肾结石的患病率在两组间均无显著性差异(P>0．05)。老年组心电图和超声心动图检查出现心肌缺血的改变均多于老年前期组(均P<0．005)。结论诸如高血压、高血糖等动脉硬化的高危因素在老年人中常见,定期健康体检是早期防治心血管疾病的有效方法。     

心脏-冠状动脉-心肌桥血流动力学实验模型的研究

应用血流动力学理论与方法建立了心脏冠状动脉心肌桥血流动力学实验模型.实验模型的实际使用证明,其能够在相当程度上复现心肌桥压迫壁冠状动脉,并导致血流动力学特性异常的现象.模拟实验大部分结论与临床研究和动物实验的结果相一致.     

Quantitative Risk Assessment for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Low- or Zero-Prevalence Countries: The Example of Norway

A predictive case-cohort model is applied to Norwegian data to analyze the interaction between challenge and stability factors for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) during the period 1980-2010. For each year, the BSE risk in cattle is estimated as the expected number of cases. The age distribution of expected cases as well as the relative impact of different challenges is estimated. The model consists of a simple, transparent, and practical deterministic spreadsheet calculation model, in which the following country-specific inputs are entered: (i) annual imports of live cattle and meat and bone meal, (ii) age distribution of native cattle, and (iii) estimated annual basic reproduction ratio (R(0)) for BSE. Results for Norway indicate that the highest risk of BSE cases was in 1989, when a total BSE risk of 0.13 cases per year was expected. After that date, the year-to-year decrease in risk ranged between 3% and 47%, except for a secondary peak in 1994 at 0.06 cases per year. The primary peak was almost entirely (99%) attributable to the importation of 11 cattle from the United Kingdom between 1982 and 1986. The secondary peak, in 1994, originated mainly from the recycling of the U.K. imported cattle (92%). In 2006, the remaining risk was 0.0003 cases per year, or 0.001 per million cows per year, with a maximal age-specific incidence of 0.03 cases per million per year in 10-year-old cattle. Only 15% of the cases were expected in imported cattle. The probability of having zero cases in Norway in 2006 was estimated to be 99.97%. The model and results are compared to previous risk assessments of Norway by the EU.     

多奈哌齐对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能、心室重构的影响

目的探讨使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂-多奈哌齐对慢性心衰患者的心功能以及心室重构的影响。方法慢性心衰患者60例,随机分为治疗组(28例) 和对照组(32例)。两组均给予目前常规治疗,治疗组用加多奈哌齐5mg／d。对比观察6个月至一年后两组心功能改变情况;心脏超声检查左房内径(LA)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、室间隔厚度(1VSD)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWD)、左室射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短率(FS),对比两组指标的前后差异(Δ值)有无统计学意义。结果①治疗组在使用多奈哌齐后,心功能改善明显优于对照组(心功能分别为2．14±0．71和2．62±0．77,P<0．05)。②心超检查的各项指标除了LA以外,其余指标的△值,两组间存在显著差异,多奈哌齐组均优于对照组(LVEDd为-0．28±0．198和0．055±0．154;IVSD为-0．0214±0．0778和 0．0447±0．0119,P<0．01);(LVESD为-0．073±0．325和0．267±0．329;LVPWD为 -0．00625±0．104和0．0564±0．0679;EF为4．836±5．65％和0．973±7．96％及FS 为3．525±3．505％和0．769±6．7％,P<0．05)。结论慢性心衰患者在常规治疗基础上加用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂-多奈哌齐能改善心功能,抑制心室重构。     

Development and Consideration of Global Policies for Managing the Future Risks of Poliovirus Outbreaks: Insights and Lessons Learned Through Modeling

The success of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative promises to bring large benefits, including sustained improvements in quality of life (i.e., cases of paralytic disease and deaths avoided) and costs saved from cessation of vaccination. Obtaining and maintaining these benefits requires that policymakers manage the transition from the current massive use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to a world without OPV and free of the risks of potential future reintroductions of live polioviruses. This article describes the analytical journey that began in 2001 with a retrospective case study on polio risk management and led to development of dynamic integrated risk, economic, and decision analysis tools to inform global policies for managing the risks of polio. This analytical journey has provided several key insights and lessons learned that will be useful to future analysts involved in similar complex decision-making processes.     

神经分子生物学的发展

分子生物学的崛起改变了神经科学研究的进程。本文回顾了神经分子生物学40年的发展里程,分析了脑的1O年工程研究和焦点。展望了未来30年该领域发展趋势。     

Discovering Spatio-Temporal Models of the Spread of West Nile Virus

Emerging infectious diseases are characterized by complex interactions among disease agents, vectors, wildlife, humans, and the environment. Since the appearance of West Nile virus (WNV) in New York City in 1999, it has infected over 8,000 people in the United States, resulting in several hundred deaths in 46 contiguous states. The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and maintained in various bird reservoir hosts. Its unexpected introduction, high morbidity, and rapid spread have left public health agencies facing severe time constraints in a theory-poor environment, dependent largely on observational data collected by independent survey efforts and much uncertainty. Current knowledge may be expressed as a priori constraints on models learned from data. Accordingly, we applied a Bayesian probabilistic relational approach to generate spatially and temporally linked models from heterogeneous data sources. Using data collected from multiple independent sources in Maryland, we discovered the integrated context in which infected birds are plausible indicators for positive mosquito pools and human cases for 2001 and 2002.