Poverty and social trends in Russia

The article describes the socioeconomic situation of the Russian population and its dynamics in 1992. The analysis is based on series of regional sociological surveys led by the All-Russian Living Standards Research Center and on official Russian statistical data. The basic unit of analysis is the family, and hence family typology approbated both in research and in practical social work is introduced. Besides describing and discussing the growing poverty tendencies in contemporary Russia, the article also contains methodological recommendations for social policy bodies and social workers on the strategy of work in social maintenance and social support of the least secure population strata.     

农民失地问题分析及对策建议

本文从六盘水失地农民的现状入手,分析失地农民的成因及存在问题,提出政府在推进工业化和城市化的过程中应坚持公平公正和群众利益至上的原则,积极推进土地产权和征地制度的创新、社会保障和就业制度的创新以及农村基层民主与法律制度的创新,给失地农民以公平的国民待遇、完整的土地财产权和自由的发展空间。     

多媒体辅助教学的优势及存在的问题

多媒体辅助教学与传统的教学模式相比,具有智能化、信息量大以及新颖性等优势。然而在实际多媒体课堂教学中还存在排斥传统的课堂教学模式,华而不实、容量过大、教师变成了放映员等问题。此外,针对上述问题提出几点建议。     

浅谈形式逻辑的普及与研究--兼论逻辑学的教学实践

随着中国高等教育的蓬勃发展,大学教育的目标追求要求对当前中国逻辑学教学的现状进行思考,针对逻辑教学与学习观念、逻辑课程规划与设置、逻辑教材建设和使用、逻辑师资培养和壮大等方面存在的问题,探索新形式下逻辑学的教学与发展,从而使高校真正担当起逻辑学普及与研究的重任。     

Is there a field of social work?: Trainees evaluating social problems and social work

My aim was to study the experiences and priorities of two age groups of social work students practicing in client-centered social work. This article is based on the research on rationality and language games in social work. The target groups of the research project as a whole were the actors: the heads and social workers or activists in public social welfare and health care agencies and institutions and in voluntary associations and action groups, and finally, two subsequent classes of students from a school of social work, during their practicing periods. This article concentrates on the trainees. At first, the trainees wrote essays and kept diaries. Secondly, they marked their standings on graphs visualizing different types of information contents and social relation structures. Thirdly, they made their choices of reasons for and solutions to social problems on a problem wheel. The trainees' study, using different data gathering techniques, partly confirms the results of the research of the other actor groups, in which the data were derived using questionnaires and interviews. The trainees' study shows variation in the respondents' priorities within and between specified social problem categories. Qualitatively analyzed, however, the characterizations of social work, both those who currently act in and those aiming to enter this field, resemble one another.     

强对抗是提高中国男篮水平的关键

通过对中国国家男队在第 2 6届、2 7届奥运会和 2 0 0 1— 2 0 0 2CBA篮球联赛冠军争夺比赛中进行了较为系统的研究 ,从中发现缺乏对抗性是当前中国篮球运动存在的主要问题 ,从而提出我们近一个时期要解决的主要问题是加强队员在对抗条件下技战术的发挥     

近代女子教育的发展及其蕴含的社会意义

20世纪上半期中国社会正处于急剧变革的时代。在教育向近代化的转型过程中,女子教育开始了缓慢的发展,但是,存在的现实是：女子文盲率居高不下,成为当时迫切解决的社会问题之一。其所带来的社会意义是十分深远的,严重阻碍了个人及其整个社会向近代化的转型．文盲问题的解决任重道远。     

会计电算化实践中存在的问题与对策

分析了我国会计电算化实践中存在的问题,这些问题包括:领导的重视与支持不够,忽视会计电算化人员的教育,软件功能单一数据共享性差,会计电算化内部管理不规范等。从企业领导、会计人员、财务软件、制度管理等方面提出了改进措施。     

货物运输车辆的调度算法

本文以上海煤炭公司为例,讨论了运煤车辆的计算机调度问题,提出一个数学模型及有效的近似算法。在算法实现中,采用了一些较为先进的数据结构,使运算速度及存储需求均有较大的改善。对实际算例计算结果表明,采用本算法进行运输车辆调度,经济效益比人工调度有明显的提高。     

Effects of fixed costs in two-person sequential bargaining

Rubinstein (1982) considered the problem of dividing a given surplus between two players sequentially, and then proposed a model in which the two players alternately make and respond to each other's offers through time. He further characterized the perfect equilibrium outcomes, which depend on the players time preferences and order of moves. Using both equal and unequal bargaining cost conditions and an unlimited number of rounds, two experiments were designed to compare the perfect equilibrium model to alternative models based on norms of fairness. We report analyses of final agreements, first offers, and number of bargaining rounds, which provide limited support to the perfect equilibrium model, and then conclude by recommending a shift in focus from model testing to specification of the conditions favoring one model over another.