Sources of occupational stress: An examination of British prison officers

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to identify the major sources of occupational stress experienced by British prison officers and to examine their effects on overall job stress and job satisfaction. Eighty-one officers from HM Prison, Maidstone, took part in a questionnaire study, and three main findings emerged. First, lack of stiff and resources were ranked as the most likely sources of stress, and areas of the prison where confrontations with inmates were most likely to occur were ranked as the most stressful locations. Second, officers who reported the highest levels of job stress overall had the lowest job satisfaction and the greatest wish for more emphasis on control and security of inmates. Third, when the sources of stress were factor-analysed and used to predict overall job stress and job satisfaction, using multiple regression, the sìngle most important predictor of job stress was found to be the factor labelled 'confrontations with inmates' and, for dissatisfaction with the job, it was 'poor morale and resentments'. The paper discusses the theoretical implications of the findings.     

Gang Leader for a Day: A Response to the Critics

This essay provides a response to Clampet-Lundquist, Charles, and Young's comments on my book Gang Leader for a Day :     

中国多元文化音乐教育发展的时代策略

当前,多元文化音乐教育已成为人类社会对待音乐教育的主潮。中国政府亦出台相关政策,明确提出多元文化音乐教育的方向是弘扬民族音乐,理解多元文化。在研究领域,许多学者都从各自不同的角度,提出了一些看法和建议,对于加深认识多元文化音乐教育思想不无启迪作用。但多元文化音乐教育在中国的具体推行情况不尽如人意,于此,提出以下发展策略:加强基础音乐课程教育;加强对专业音乐教师多元文化能力的培养;打破"二元论",构建"多元论"。     

Temperament and the Development of Conscience: The Moderating Role of Effortful Control

In this longitudinal study we examined whether two components of effortful control, behavioral control, and executive function moderated the relation between temperament and conscience development. Temperament was assessed when participants were two years of age, and three temperament groups were formed: inhibited, exuberant, and low reactive. At 4.5 years of age, children's behavioral control and executive function were assessed. Moral behavior, emotionality during an empathy film, and false-belief understanding were measured at 5.5 years of age as components of conscience. Results indicate that inhibited children may benefit most from higher levels of effortful control. Inhibited children with higher levels of behavioral control performed better on false-belief understanding tasks whereas inhibited children who scored higher on executive function tests reported less emotional response to the evocative film. Finally, as a group, inhibited children exhibited more moral behavior than exuberant and low reactive children.     

A statistical measure of internal consistency

A test for homogeneity of several populations against the simple tree alternative is proposed when the observations in various groups are subject to the same pattern of random right-censorship. The test is a generalization of the one proposed by Slivka (1970) which is useful when testing time is expensive so that an early termination of an experiment is desirable. The power of the test is examined in a simulation study.     

论我国翻译行业市场化发展的信息化管理策略

翻译服务业务已经渗透到国内各个地区和各个领域，但是与之相伴的一些制约翻译服务市场发展的瓶颈问题也日益显露出来。本文针对存在的问题，充分利用信息技术带来的机遇，对翻译行业市场化发展进行信息化管理可从五方面做起：创建翻译行业信息交流与沟通的平台，建设翻译人才库，规范翻译企业的准入机制，加强翻译技术与管理和完善翻译售后服务体制。     

A robustness framework for monitoring real options under uncertainty

This paper presents a problem structuring methodology to assess real option decisions in the face of unpredictability. Based on principles of robustness analysis and scenario planning, we demonstrate how decision-aiding can facilitate participation in projects setting and achieve effective decision making through the use of real options reasoning. We argue that robustness heuristics developed in earlier studies can be practical proxies for real options performance, hence indicators of efficient flexible planning. The developed framework also highlights how to integrate real options solutions in firms’ strategic plans and operating actions. The use of the methodology in a location decision application is provided for illustration.     

基于素质的空中交通管制生源选拔和培养研究

本文介绍了民航空中交通管制工作对从业人员的素质要求,分析了国内外在管制专业生源选拔和培养方面的不同做法,提出了适合我国国情的空管专业学生培养方法。     

Estimation of firm-specific technological bias,technical change and total factor productivity growth: a dual approach

This paper deals with modeling firm-specific technical change (TC), and technological biases (inputs and scale) in estimating total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Several dual parametric econometric models are used for this purpose. We examine robustness of TFP growth and TC among competing models. These models include the traditional time trend (TT) model and the general index (GI) model. The TT and the GI models are generalized to accommodate firm-specific TC and technological bias (in inputs and output). Both nested and non-nested tests are used to select the appropriate models. Firm-level panel data from the Japanese chemical industry during 1968- 1987 is used as an application.     

企业环境管理动因分析

针对企业环境管理问题,采用定性分析和定量分析结合的方法,分析了环境管理的目标和环境管理动因,指出环境管理目标取决于企业的目标,企业环境管理的动因主要是利益驱动和社会责任。环境管理利益驱动目标和社会责任目标在许多方面是一致的,对于不一致地方,可以通过法律调节的同时,要求企业勇于承担社会责任。研究结果对企业环境管理有指导意义。