COMPARISONS AND SELECTION OF TWO-PARAMETER EXPONENTIAL POPULATIONS

For two-parameter exponential populations with the same scale parameter (known or unknown) comparisons are made between the location parameters. This is done by constructing confidence intervals, which can then be used for selection procedures. Comparisons are made with a control, and with the (unknown) “best” or “worst” population. Emphasis is laid on finding approximations to the confidence so that calculations are simple and tables are not necessary. (Since we consider unequal sample sizes, tables for exact values would need to be extensive.)     

载波相位平滑GPS伪码伪距的研究

分析了全球定位系统接收机可获取的观测量。给出了载波相位平滑伪码伪距的一个递归算法结构。讨论了平滑算法初值的设定和构造伪距前向预测值，并对各种情况进行了统计分析。文中还给出了平滑算法的性能评估，结论表明载波相位平滑技术可大大改善伪距观测精度。改善程度与该算法中的权重因子和递归时间密切相关     

密度分布非均匀的反馈控制Logistic单种群模型平衡态的稳定性

本文对种群密度在非均匀分布情形下,考虑了具反馈控制的滞后 Logistic 生态模型平衡位置的稳定性;分别给出了在常时滞和弱连续时滞以及强连续时滞情况下的稳定性条件;其结果是对 Gopalsamy 在密度均匀分布情形下相应结果的推广.     

顾客价值创新:战略分析的基点

传统的战略分析是以竞争为基点的。其目的是如何比竞争对手做得更好。在这种思维指导下 ,企业经营往往产生竞争激烈、市场不敏感、反应性行为、缺乏创新等后果。在复杂多变的环境中 ,战略分析应转移到顾客价值创新上来。顾客价值创新战略通过为顾客提供完全新型或得到重大改进的价值而使企业经营与竞争无关。顾客价值创新战略与竞争基点战略在战略导向、对竞争的认知及态度、企业本身实力的认识等具有明显不同的特征 ;进行顾客价值创新可以按照顾客价值创新循环机制进行 ,这一循环机制以顾客消费流程分析为起点 ,由创新机会认别、资源需求分析及价值创新实施等环节构成。     

Determinants of housing quality: A comparison of white,African-American,and Hispanic single-parent women

This study examines housing quality among three groups of single-parent women: white, African-American, and Hispanic. Three indicators of housing quality—crowding, affordability, and satisfaction—are used to discover the extent to which these groups experience housing problems. This study also explores differences and similarities in the factors that precipitate problems in housing quality for these three groups of single parents. Findings suggest important differences and similarities in the nature of housing quality problems among white, African-American, and Hispanic single-parent women. The specified variables explained about 20% of the variance in crowding, housing affordability, and housing satisfaction. On measures of objective and subjective housing quality, white single mothers are better housed than their African-American or Hispanic counterparts. Hispanic single mothers have the largest housing cost burden and average more persons per household than the other groups. African-Americans are twice as likely as either group to live in low-quality housing and reported the lowest average satisfaction with their housing. Her research interests include housing and neighborhood assessment and women and public policy issues. She has recently published articles inUrban Affairs Quarterly andHousing and Society on housing and neighborhood assessment criteria among black urban households and the housing cost burden of various groups of female-headed households. She received her Ph.D. from Ohio State University. Her research interests include the housing adjustment behavior of women and public policy. She has recently completed her thesis on the role of noncustodial parents in determining the quality of life of their children. She is also the recipient of the Tessie Agan Award for research excellence from the American Association of Housing Educators for a paper titled “Unterstanding Constraints and Residential Satisfaction among Low-Income Single-Parent Families.”     

高精度渗碳控制方法

在采用电阻法直接测控碳势的方法中,提出了一种分段参数调节增量式PID算法,通过实际调试和理论推导表明,渗碳工艺过程控制具有控制超调量小、过渡时间短、精度高、软件实现方便等优点,稳定后碳势控制精度可达±0.03%。     

供应链管理模式下的企业外包设计研究

供应链管理是近年来在国内外逐渐受到重视的一种新的管理理念与模式,其管理思想是使企业将主要精力放在核心业务上,充分发挥优势,企业中的非核心业务外包给合作企业来完成。因此,企业外包设计成为供应链管理思想的一个重要方面。基于这一背景,首先探讨了企业外包的含义及其构成元素;并根据威廉姆森的新制度经济学中经济业务交易的规制结构对企业外包的规制层次进行划分;最后,构建了在供应链管理模式下基于交易成本和核心竞争力相结合的企业外包设计模型。     

论行政自由裁量权的法律控制

行政自由裁量权是行政机关拥有的一种行政权 ,在我国运用范围较为广泛 ,且有其合理存在的依据。但是 ,由于诸多方面的原因 ,又常常导致行政自由裁量权的滥用 ,为了实现依法行政 ,必须对行政自由裁量权进行控制     

Valuation of childhood risk reduction: the importance of age, risk preferences, and perspective.

This article explores two problems analysts face in determining how to estimate values for children's health and safety risk reductions. The first addresses the question: Do willingness‐to‐pay estimates for health risk changes differ across children and adults and, if so, how? To answer this question, the article first examines the potential effects of age and risk preferences on willingness to pay. A summary of the literature reporting empirical evidence of differences between willingness to pay for adult health and safety risk reductions and willingness to pay for health and safety risk reductions in children is also provided. The second dimension of the problem is a more fundamental issue: Whose perspective is relevant when valuing children's health effects—society's, children's, adults‐as‐children, or parents'? Each perspective is considered, followed ultimately by the conclusion that adopting a parental perspective through an intrahousehold allocation model seems closest to meeting the needs of the estimation problem at hand. A policy example in which the choice of perspective affects the outcome of a regulatory benefit‐cost analysis rounds out the article and emphasizes the importance of perspective.     

微服私访:作为一种社会控制的官方民间法

无论在中国古代还是当下,微服私访现象都较为常见。微服私访是决策者借助被访者的信任,为夺回真实信息控制权所做的一种个人努力,是一种实现非正式社会控制的官方民间法。