新疆少数民族社区居住文化的传承与变迁研究

笔者以清代至当代新疆喀什地区维吾尔族民居文化习俗为例,论述了传统民居文化在现代社会转型时期的传承和变迁趋势,对新疆少数民族社区民居文化的保护与发展有着积极的意义。     

在发展中维护民族文化生态--对泸沽湖摩梭社区的研究

维护民族文化生态,必须树立新的发展观,尊重少数民族社区文化选择的自由,尊重少数民族社区文化自身的内聚力,并提供既能够促进社区传统文化特征保持,又能够满足社区发展要求的服务.     

县域经济衰落的原因分析与治理思路

中国落后的小县城面临着严重的经济问题,如企业缺乏发展,投资经营环境差,企业生存率低,失业率高和人力资源外流等.主导产业衰落和产业结构单一是县域经济落后的顽疾与症结所在,另外缺乏知识、技能基础和政府的合理规划也是重要影响因素.治理县域经济衰落应从奠定高起点的知识和技能入手,培育新兴主导产业部门,形成"增长极",推动相关产业的聚集和发展,从而带动落后县域摆脱贫困.     

Risk Perception in an Interest Group Context: An Examination of the TMI Restart Issue1

Human response to environmental hazards and risks has been the subject of considerable research by social scientists. Work has traditionally focused on either individual response to the risks of an ongoing or future threat (hazards research), or group and organizational response to a specific disaster event (disaster research). As part of a larger investigation of the restart of the Unit 1 reactor at Three Mile Island (TMI), we examined the response of interest groups active in the restart issue to the continued threat of TMI and to future risks due to restart. After reviewing the restart issue in general, the paper examines the local dimensions of the restart issue from interest group perspectives. A method for defining appropriate issues at the community level is reviewed. We then discuss differences in the perceived local impacts of alternative decisions, and systems of beliefs associated with differing perceptions. Finally, we discuss the implications of interest group versus individual perceptions of local issues for decision making about TMI, in particular, and about technological hazards management, in general. Associated implications for determining socially acceptable risk levels are identified. Our research led us to three major conclusions: (1) in contrast to other types of hazards, interest groups are a critical unit of analysis for understanding how beliefs and behaviors form in response to the presence of technological hazards; (2) the divergence of positions between groups, even though they may have shared the same physical experience, is understandable if not always predictable, (3) the resolution of policy debates where risks are a major focus of the arguments should recognize the legitimacy of these divergent positions by allowing participation of the various interest groups in the decision process. Such participation helps ensure that the decision strategy is responsive to local concerns, thereby increasing the likelihood of acceptance of the ultimate decision and thus producing a publicly acceptable level of risk.     

《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》作者群分析

对2000～2002年《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》作者群的统计分析发现,年龄在26～45岁的作者占83.74%,职称以高级和中级为主,分别占45.55%和34.42%,且有66.07%的作者为在读硕士、博士或已经取得了硕士、博士学位;作者分布在我国30个省(市)、自治区和香港特别行政区,还有来自美国、日本、加拿大等9个国家的作者,来自高等院校的作者占85.61%;论文平均合著率和篇均作者数分别为94.35%和3.78人,均高于全国平均水平;合著类型以同单位合著为主,占59.35%,但跨省(市)合著和跨国合著有增加趋势;根据普赖斯定律确定核心作者102人,其中16位高产作者基本上都是我校几个主要学科的学术带头人和学术骨干。因此,《学报》拥有一支思维活跃、具有创新意识、素质较高的作者队伍,是进一步提高《学报》学术质量的根本保证。     

Cajun is Dead – Long Live Cajun: Shifting from a Linguistic to a Cultural Community

Researchers have reported an evolution or change in progress in the Cajun identity, though their intuitions have not been confirmed empirically. The traditional membership borders of what a community consists of no longer apply in the case of Cajun. In order to understand these questions of identity and belonging, and to scientifically control the interpretation of the linguistic behavior of Cajun speakers, a general survey has been conducted on the linguistic attitudes and cultural identity of a sample of 929 individuals stratified by age and sex from four communities. Our results show that Cajun identity rests fundamentally in the linguistic ability of the speakers, regardless of the age group one is in: the more one has access to the Cajun language, the more one self-identifies as Cajun. In general, respondents claim that the necessary criteria to be considered Cajun are just those criteria that they themselves satisfy. We will demonstrate that there appear to be several 'paths' to take insofar as the Cajun community identity in Louisiana is concerned. However, this segmentation obviously has not been established or maintained without creating considerable tension between members of the cultural Cajun community.     

在浪漫与反浪漫中塑造完整的世界--论弗罗斯特诗中的乡村和城市

从弗罗斯特对浪漫主义的继承和叛逆两个方面阐述弗罗斯特诗中乡村和城市的特点,以及二者之间的关系.在继承和叛逆中,弗罗斯特塑造了完整的乡村和完整的城市.探索了普遍意义上的人类社会.     

社区发育与社区就业:影响社区就业的因素及社会政策研究

社区发育的程度直接影响社区就业的规模和能力.社区的经济发展水平决定了居民消费理念的不同及消费能力的差异,影响了社区就业的需求量;政府对社区建设的支持程度,影响社区解决就业的能力;社区发展的能力表现为社区公共资源配置的状况和处置能力,决定了社区就业需求是否能转化成为社区就业机会;社区社会组织发育的程度,是吸纳和创造社区就业、推动城市社区发展的重要空间.文章还针对性地提出通过促进社区发育推动社区就业的有关社会政策.     

Communities under fire: Empowering families and children in the aftermath of homicide

This article presents an empowerment approach to clinical services for families and children surviving homicides. Narrative theory is used to integrate child, family and community interventions. The article presents a framework for the examination of narratives and guidelines for co-constructing narratives that empower children, families and communities.     

论民族地区县域高职院校的民生改善功能

民生改善不仅是个体的幸福追求,更是大多数人的共同期待。然而,"逃离"式的民生改善,突显了个体与他人、个体与社会民生改善的矛盾,这一矛盾在民族地区表现尤为突出。民族地区的民生改善除了有着与一般贫困地区的共性之外,文化差异是其面临的特殊问题。他者视角、外来角色的民生改善只能是低效的。在县域经济与高职教育转型发展的社会背景下,县域高职院校服务民族地区民生改善成为可能。通过个案分析发现,县域高职院校在一定程度上实现了个体的生存发展与社会民生改善的统一,但距应然的理想目标仍有较大差距,突出表现在民族地区县域高职院校数量少、服务定位不够精准以及毕业生的外向输出三个方面。因此,参与民生改善的相关主体需共同为之努力：政府以差异补偿助推美好生活;高职院校坚持服务县域民生改善的办学定位;企业积极参与高职办学,以实现利益共享;个体努力实现自身与社会民生改善的统一。