当前我国社会法若干问题的思考

在刚刚启动的以经济建设为中心转向以经济社会发展为中心的转型与国际金融危机碰撞后,危机前的民生问题在危机后更加严重,转型更加紧迫,更需要以劳动法和社会保障法为中心的社会法作为阻隔经济危机引发社会危机的防火墙发挥作用。为此,需要对社会法的若干问题重新思考,例如,对用工成本应当作广义理解,并对以不正当转嫁为特点用工成本负担结构做出调整;劳动关系协调机制建设不宜单项突进,而应当整体进化;土地承包经营权流转应当与农民的非农就业和社会保障同步联动。     

基于优化Shapley值的产学研网络型合作利益协调机制研究——以产业技术创新战略联盟为例

随着复杂产品协同研制的兴起,以往的线型化产学研合作模式已难以适应现行的创新活动,正逐渐被网络化模式所替代。这种网络型合作模式还处于起步阶段,在跨组织协同管理、人才集聚、知识有效流动、利益分配等方面存在不少问题。本文以产业技术创新战略联盟为例,基于契约设计理论,研究创新主体在合作过程中的利益协调问题。对Shapley值进行优化,讨论在面对道德风险情况下,如何利用网络协同系数对奖励支付进行协调,以使创新主体利益分配更公平、更合理。同时,将这一协调机制设计进利益分配中,以达到应有的激励目的。     

基于价格保护策略的渠道协调

针对当今产品生命周期缩短、用户需求不确定性增强、产品价值急剧下跌的市场竞争环境,分析了实现渠道协调的价格保护策略,给出了基于单次订购二阶段价格保护额度最优策略动态模型.研究表明,通过设置合理的批发价格和价格保护补偿额度,能够导致优化的零售商订购数量,并进一步证明,该策略可以优化渠道联盟的总体绩效,而且渠道成员可以达到双赢的目的,从而实现渠道协调.     

Family Microtransitions: An Observational Study

This research aimed to study the processes that take place during family microtransitions, that is, when family members move from an interactive form characterized by specific roles (active or peripheral) to another form that requires a change in these roles. For this purpose, 21 normative triads composed of mother, father, and a 4-year-old child were observed in a laboratory while playing together in a setting where they were asked to change their interactive configuration three times. The data revealed different ways of family functioning in coping with the microtransitions. Two groups emerged from the analysis that presented different characteristics. In particular, the family triads that completed the assigned task showed a significantly higher level of coordination and emotional tuning, a larger number of processes implied in the triadic dynamics, and a greater communicative coherence between the verbal, the expressive, and the corporal channels, compared with the group that did not complete the task.     

冷却剂参数对铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命的影响

采用有限体积流固耦合计算方法、非线性有限元热结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法研究大面积比铣槽喷管三维再生冷却槽道在循环工作条件下的热结构变形与低周疲劳寿命,并对比分析了冷却剂质量流量与入口温度对铣槽喷管疲劳使用寿命的影响。计算结果表明,铣槽喷管热结构响应呈现复杂的三维效应,应变较大位置主要分布在与肋连接的内衬区域,喷管中部的残余应变量最大;冷却槽道低周疲劳寿命分布和热结构响应基本一致,最小寿命位于喷管中部与肋相连的内衬区域燃气侧;随冷却剂质量流量增加,铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命不断提高;随冷却剂入口温度增加喷管尾部低周疲劳寿命值不断降低,而喷管中前部的低周疲劳寿命值却不断提高,当冷却剂入口温度为280K左右时,本文的铣槽喷管总体使用寿命达到最大。      

Social Ties and Life Satisfaction of Older Persons:

Social ties, including family relationships, friendship ties, and community involvement are expected to inhance the life satisfaction of older people. But relationships among the social ties and the relative importance of these ties to life satisfaction remain unclear. To examine these relalionships, we analyzed data from more than 2,300 small-town Iowa respondents who were 50 years of age or older. Our results tended to support those reported in a previous article in this journal, particularly on the success of friendship ties and the failure of family relationships to predict life satisfaction. We found an even stronger relationship between community involvement and dissatisfaction with life, however. In addition, we analyzed data from four communities separately and found relationships varying substantially among them, thus influencing our conclusions.     

经济发展与环境保护关系研究

经济发展与环境保护之间存在着辩证统一的关系,二者既相互矛盾,又相互统一。本文对经济发展与环境保护之间相互推动的作用机理进行了详细分析,并对中国的经济发展与环境保护协调发展之间的障碍进行了深入的剖析,在此基础上运用博弈论原理对参与经济发展和环境保护的各方进行博弈分析,由此提出了促进经济发展与环境保护相协调的对策与建议。     

Competitive and Collaborative Quality and Warranty Management in Supply Chains

Product quality and product warranty coverage are two important and closely related operational decisions. A longer warranty protection period can boost sales, but it may also result in dramatically increased warranty cost, if product quality is poor. To investigate how these two decisions interact with each other and influence supply chain performance, we develop a single‐period model with a supplier that provides a product to an original equipment manufacturer, which in turn sells it to customers. Customer demand is random and affected by the length of the product warranty period. Warranty costs are incurred by both the supplier and the manufacturer. We analyze two different scenarios based on which party sets the warranty period: manufacturer warranty and supplier warranty. Product quality is controlled by the supplier, and the manufacturer determines the ordering quantity. We analyze these decentralized systems and provide the structural properties of the equilibrium strategies. We also compare the results of centralized and decentralized systems and identify the conditions under which one system provides a longer warranty and better product quality than the other. Our numerical study further shows that, in decentralized settings, when the warranty period is determined by the firm sharing the larger proportion of total warranty costs, the supply chain can achieve greater system‐wide profit. Both parties can therefore benefit from properly delegating the warranty decision and sharing the resulting additional profit. We further design a supplier‐development and buy‐back contract for coordinating decentralized supply chains. Several extensions are also discussed.     

基于资金流服务商的供应链资金运作能力研究

高效的资金运作能力是决定一个企业乃至一条供应链成功的关键因素。本文提出了资金流服务商这一概念并重点分析了它所具备的两种资金运作能力:资金回收期压缩能力和采购资金占用压缩能力。在一个单周期的报童模型中,研究了资金流服务商通过给制造商提供这两种资金流服务能够给供应链整体收益带来的增大以及在这个过程中二者的利益分配问题。通过进一步比较这两种资金运作能力,验证了各自对于供应链的重要程度。     

Social stability challenged by Covid-19: Pandemics,inequality and policy responses

The public health measures implemented to limit the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to affect economic inequalities. In this paper we first provide a theoretical framework to analyse how income inequality contributes shaping the trade-off between economic lockdown and contagion. Our empirical analysis on EU countries shows that the lockdown is likely to significantly increase inequality and poverty and that the magnitude of the change is larger in more unequal countries. To avoid social collapse, countries must consider inequality as an additional source of fragility, while supranational, coordinated health and fiscal policies are needed in the interest of all European economies.