Promoting workplace‐based training to fight youth unemployment in three EU countries: Different strategies,different results?

During the economic crisis, youth unemployment grew exponentially in many European countries. It was argued that countries with a high level of firm involvement in the provision of initial vocational training were better equipped to address this problem. Boosting workplace‐based training was therefore seen as the right strategy to tackle unemployment. Using Denmark, Spain and the UK as case studies, this article analyses how countries with different skill formation systems have improved this type of training. While the UK reinforced the voluntaristic character of its training regime, Denmark improved the quality of its vocational education, and Spain made reforms to the training and apprenticeship contract. Interestingly, the countries achieved different results. To explain this divergence, it is argued that while the reforms made in the UK and Denmark were compatible with the national institutions and coordination mechanisms, this was not the case in Spain, where reforms were implemented in a non‐complementary way. Key Practitioner Message:

• After the economic crisis it was argued that countries with a high level of firm involvement in the provision of initial VET were better equipped to fight youth unemployment.
• The study analysed how countries with different skill formation systems improved this type of training and assessed their relative success.
• The article shows that when implementing reforms policy makers must take into account the institutions and mechanisms of coordination that prevail in each country. Otherwise, reforms may be unsuccessful.

     

项目型企业的工作流程协同机制分析

文章针对目前建筑企业这种典型的项目型企业中存在的执行力低下的问题,通过对企业执行体系当中的工作流程(业务流程)进行分析,认为应当通过加强企业内部工作流程的协调,实现协同运作,以确保工作流程有效运转。进而提高组织效率,加快运营速度,降低成本,并最终实现企业内部执行力的有效提升。分析了项目型企业要实现工作流程协同运作这个目标应建立的协调机制,从影响协调工作的多个因素出发研究了实现工作流程协调运转的方法。     

The Impact of Information Sharing on Supply Chain Performance under Asymmetric Information

The use of screening contracts is a common approach to solve supply chain coordination problems under asymmetric information. One main assumption in this context is that managers without specific incentives would rather use their private information strategically than reveal it truthfully. This harms supply chain performance. This study investigates the impact of information sharing in a principal‐agent setting that is typical for many supply chain transactions. We conduct a laboratory experiment to test whether information sharing has an influence on supply chain coordination. We find that information sharing within the supply chain has two positive effects. First, information sharing reduces the inefficiencies resulting from information deficits if there is a certain amount of trust in the supply chain. Second, communication can limit out‐of‐equilibrium behavior with a small impact on the firm's own payoff, but a large impact on the supply chain partner. Furthermore, we find that both effects are amplified when communication takes place in an environment that allows the less informed supply chain party to punish or to reward the better informed party. Although our extended mechanisms substantially enhance the poor performance of the theoretically optimal coordination contract menu, we find no mechanism that implements supply chain performance superior to the theoretically predicted second‐best level.     

Coordination in supply chains: an evaluation using fuzzy logic

Supply chain coordination (SCC) is an effective approach to improve supply chain (SC) performance. The coordination can be achieved when interdependent entities work together by sharing resources and information to achieve common objectives aligned to maximise customer value for the entire SC. There are a number of mechanisms by which the SC members can coordinate, e.g. contracts, information sharing, information technology and collaborative initiatives. To communicate frequently and effectively, the partners are required to have good information systems and capability to share information. To coordinate with each other the SC members are required to have capabilities to implement coordination mechanisms effectively. In this paper, a model is proposed to measure the effect of these mechanisms on the extent of coordination. Currently, there is no scale of measurement reported in the literature to measure the SCC. A fuzzy logic approach combined with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed to evaluate the extent of coordination. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study of an automotive parts manufacturer.     

供应链契约研究进展

总结、分析和归纳了供应链契约研究的起源和发展演变过程,然后将当前研究的供应链契约进行分类,并建立了几种典型供应链契约的基本数学模型。在此基础上,进一步探讨了各供应链契约在供应链协调中的作用机理和协调方式,最后指出了供应链契约研究的发展趋势。     

需求具有价格敏感性的供应链的利益共享合约

利益共享合约是促使供应链协作的一种重要手段。本文建立了具有价格敏感性的最终消费需求的利益共享合约模型。在考虑最终销售价格为内生变量的条件下,借助于报童模型,分别分析在此合约下销售商和供应商的决策行为,并给出销售商的最优决策的计算公式以及该合约参数Φ的取值范围。最后给出实例分析,验证在利益共享合约下的供应链能达到协作状态。     

Parenting Coordination as an Antidote for High-Conflict Divorce and Court Relitigation

The effects of high-conflict divorce and parental separation on couples and their children are explored along with the costs of ongoing relitigation of these cases in the family court system. Parenting coordination is discussed as an intervention to assist high-conflict divorcing and separating parents to effectively communicate and parent their children following marriage dissolution. It is also presented as an alternative to reduce instances of recurring legal battles. According to the literature reviewed, positive outcomes of decreased relitigation include less expense for the divorcing and separating parents, the family court system, and society as a whole. Implications for practice and research are presented.     

解决利益冲突需从制度建设着手

目前利益冲突已成为社会矛盾的主要原因,能否从根本上解决利益冲突问题,关系到社会的公平公正与稳定和谐.从国际经验看,解决利益冲突主要从制度着手,而我国防止利益冲突制度建设方面存在着制度体系建设不全、运行机制缺乏、制度环境建设不力等问题,需要从规则体系、运行机制、发展环境等方面着手,逐步建成内容科学、程序严密、配套完备、有效管用的防止利益冲突制度体系,推进党风廉政建设顺利开展,推进反腐败工作取得扎实成效,切实保障公共权力的规范运行和社会的公平正义.     

加工贸易企业劳资关系的困境及对策研究：以广东为例

由跨国公司主导的“订单式”生产,导致加工贸易企业“定价权”缺失,压缩了劳资利益协调的空间。基于“流水线”的标准化生产工艺创造性不足,劳资双方缺乏合作共赢点,雇佣合同短期化特征明显。原先适用的基于个体主张的“保底型”法律制度安排,无法满足劳工“增长型”利益诉求快速发展的需要,劳资冲突缺乏制度化的集体协商对话消解机制。必须加大户籍、社保等社会管理制度改革力度,消除人口迁移的制度性障碍,提升企业的创新能力,加快推进加工贸易企业的技术进步与产业升级,强化自有品牌培育,拓展劳资利益协调空间;同时,构建劳资集体协商平台,完善劳资利益协调机制,强化企业社会责任,以优化劳资利益分配格局,营造劳资合作氛围,实现经济与社会的协调发展。     

区域法治一体化进程中的冲突与协调思考——以图们江自由贸易区法治为中心

在经济全球化和区域经济一体化的大背景下,图们江自由贸易区的经济合作离不开法治保障.区域法治一体化是当前研究区域经济一体化中的一个重要课题和现象.当前图们江自由贸易区经济合作和法治建设中面临着各种法治冲突,通过区域内各国签订合作框架协议、设立区域法治协调与管理委员会、整合修订区域内相关法律法规和政策等可以协调该法治冲突并实现区域法治一体化.