The increasing importance of place: neighbourhood differences in metropolitan Sweden, 1990–2006

The shift from a fairly equitably distributed economy to a more unequal one is likely to have consequences. This article investigates neighbourhood differences in three cities in Sweden between 1990 and 2006 using panel registry data for the total population. The results show increasing neighbourhood differences in the outcomes of student grades and youth unemployment. Neighbourhood differences were computed for both those belonging to the majority of the population and visible minorities, and it was determined that the differences are not the result of an increase in the number of immigrants in poorer neighbourhoods. The majority population displays the largest differences in both grades and unemployment. The increase in disparities among neighbourhoods regarding outcomes for youth is a warning sign: it could lead to low motivation, loss of aspirations and social unrest.     

Alternative approaches to testing non-nested models with autocorrelated disturbances

Since departures from the classical assumptions regarding the disturbances in a linear tegression model arise frequently in empirical application, deveral computationally Straightforward procedutes are presented in this paper for testiog non-nested models when the disturbances of these models follow first- or higher-order autoregressive processes. Anempirical example is used to illustrate how the procedures may be used to test competing Keynesian and New Classical non-nested models of unemployment for the U.S using annual time series data for 1955-85.     

Structural invariance and stability of sense of coherence: A longitudinal analysis of two groups with different employment experiences

This 5-year follow-up study investigated the structure and the factorial invariance of the 13-item sense of coherence (SOC) scale (Antonovsky, ) in two employment groups (unemployment/lay-off experiences vs. continuous full-time employment) and across two measurement times. In addition, the stability of SOC between these two employment groups was compared. The postal questionnaire data was collected twice, in 1992 and in 1997. The participants were Finnish technical designers (N=352) aged between 25 and 40 years in 1992. A total of 51% of the investigated participants had been employed full-time during the 5-year follow-up period and 49% had been unemployed and/or laid off for a total period of at least one month during the follow-up. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the SOC scale measured one general second-order SOC factor consisting of three, first-order factors of meaningfulness, comprehensibility, and manageability. The results also indicated that the scale was best used as an 11-item measure. The factorial invariance of the scale across time and across the two employment groups was supported by the data. Unexpectedly, the stability of SOC did not differ between the two employment groups. However, those participants who had experienced unemployment and/or been laid off during the follow-up period had a weaker SOC at both measurement times than those who had been employed throughout the follow-up.     

论现行日本失业保险法制度

现行日本失业保险法制度的特点是政府和企业高度重视员工在职培训，提高员工自身的素质以预防失业的发生。上述特点的形成原因在于：借鉴西方国家失业保险法制度改革的经验，应对结构性失业的能动反映，强化政府在失业保险法制度中的作用以及重视员工技能培训的历史传统等。日本的失业保险法制度的经验对处于改革中的我国的失业保险法制度具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Economic Theories of Low-Wage Work

This article examines economic theories of the low-wage labor market to increase understanding of economic inequality and poverty in the United States, particularly related to the labor market. On the one hand, neoclassical, labor monopsony, and Harris-Todaro models explain how minimum wage policies are related to supply and demand of labor, human capital, employment, and unemployment. On the other hand, the efficiency wage model, the dual labor market theory, and technology development and globalization account for the causes of the wage differentials. This article includes a conceptual map that illustrates the interrelationships between these economic theories of low-wage work.     

英语使动句汉译的显形标记与隐形标记

英语使动句的汉译除了“使”字显形标记外,还应当充分考虑运用隐形标记的表现形式。译者必须挖掘并充分利用汉语已有的丰富资源,选取那些形式简洁,表达鲜活,意义丰满且为国人喜闻乐见的句子结构,使之在汉译文本中发扬光大。     

完善失业保险立法之我见

失业保险是一项重要的社会保障法律制度,建立和完善符合我国国情的失业保险法律体系,已是经济社会发展的必然要求。本文以失业群体为研究对象,就我国《失业保险条例》中存在的问题,进行了探讨,并提出自己的看法。     

Assessing the impact of initial nonresponse and attrition in the analysis of unemployment duration with panel surveys

We show how register data combined at person-level with survey data can be used to conduct a novel type of nonresponse analysis in a panel survey. The availability of register data provides a unique opportunity to directly test the type of the missingness mechanism as well as estimate the size of bias due to initial nonresponse and attrition. We are also able to study in-depth the determinants of initial nonresponse and attrition. We use the Finnish subset of the European Community Household Panel (FI ECHP) data combined with register panel data and unemployment spells as outcome variables of interest. Our results show that initial nonresponse and attrition are clearly different processes driven by different background variables. Both the initial nonresponse and attrition mechanisms are nonignorable with respect to analysis of unemployment spells. Finally, our results suggest that initial nonresponse may play a role at least as important as attrition in causing bias. This result challenges the common view of attrition being the main threat to the value of panel data.     

The effect of labour market polarization on university students’ job market‐related outcomes in the Republic of Korea: Implications for youth unemployment

This article aims to assess the effect of the labour market environment on university students’ labour market‐related behaviour in the Republic of Korea. Using data from the country's Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey for 2005–13, the author estimates the effect of macroeconomic variables on university students’ job market‐related outcomes. Results indicate that labour market polarization, as measured by the labour market polarization index developed by Chung and Jung (2016), has a significant effect on both the nominal and masked (through extension of university enrolment and university transfers) unemployment of university students. These findings imply that the labour market structure is a key element in understanding youth unemployment.