大学生选择性失业与高校就业指导优化

选择性失业是一种因不满意而主动放弃某些就业机会的失业现象。选择性失业的原因在于大学生的期望值偏高，但却是一种理性选择。高校就业指导应该着重从就业信息如何完备，而且能被大学生了解方面建立有效的目标导向性就业指导机制，努力使大学生主动调整就业期望值以解决选择性失业问题。     

中国社会保障现状与改革

随着经济改革的不断深入和社会分化的日益加剧 ,社会保障问题也越来越成为人们关注的焦点。个人希望社会保障制度提高生活的安全系数 ,政府则希望借此制度实现社会稳定。建国以来 ,尤其是改革开放以后 ,社会保障为适应经济体制改革的要求 ,进行了全方位的改革与创新 ,并取得了实质性的进展。然而 ,中国现行的社会保障制度与建立社会主义市场经济体制的目标要求还存在很大的差距 ,而且作为社会稳定机制 ,它还无法充分适应经济体制改革进一步深入以及政治体制改革展开这一形势。因此 ,关注我国的社会保障问题任务迫切而又意义重大。     

适度失业率水平之我见

过高的失业率是有害的 ,因为它会给经济发展和社会稳定带来负面影响 ,适度的失业率水平则不但不会对社会有危害 ,还对经济增长和体制改革有正面效应。我国的适度失业率 ,可以大致参考发达市场经济国家提出的标准。为了达到“保持适度失业率”的目标 ,缓解我国目前沉重的失业压力 ,应当采取一些必要措施     

汉语语法形式和语法意义的研究述评

本文列举汉语语法形式和语法意义有代表性的研究成果,概括出目前对语法形式和语法意义研究的总体情况:1.语法形式是在组合中产生的,是语法意义的外部标志;2.目前的研究在两方面方兴未艾,一个是隐性语法形式和语法意义,另一个是"三个平面"理论中的形式和意义研究;3.语法意义具有层次性。     

当前我国失业及其控制

我国当前的失业问题相当严峻 ,缓解失业压力己经成为保持国民经济持续、健康、稳定发展的当务之急。主要探讨了我国目前就业现状 ,当前我国失业产生的主要原因及其对策。     

Fate and Agency in Job Loss Narratives

While sociologists have emphasized the social sources of autobiographical narratives, there has been relatively little sociological reflection on the way that autobiographers themselves make selective use of accounts of social forces and pressures to explain their actions. This paper examines the way individuals' use of social pressures as explanations of their behavior are related to the structure of autobiographical narratives as a whole. The paper draws on empirical examples from interviews with people who are unemployed. Focusing on heroic and tragic narrative structures, I argue that the overall narrative structure is shaped by a number of factors, including the events of historical experience, the rhetorical intention of the autobiographer, and the structuring effects of social location.     

论大型国有企业失业人员的转型适应与社会认同——于辽宁省的个案调查,

大型国有企业下岗失业人员再就业出现困难的一个重要因素是其转型适应发生了障碍,其根源在于单位习性的惯性作用和社会认同的自弃制约。单位习性源自国有企业长期的计划经济体制施行的影响;社会认同的自弃行为则是计划经济体制与市场经济体制运行脱节的现实表现。转型适应有同化、整合、分化和边缘化四种表现形式。同化、整合是转型适应的良性状态;而分化和边缘化则是其恶性状态。分化和边缘化的产生是由于体制内社会国家责任过重、社会保障项目过于全面等因素的影响。就社会政策的导向效用而言,社会保障必须把握一定的度,否则就会导致保护懒惰的消极后果。     

我国失业问题的理性思考

随着政府机构改革和国有企业改革的不断深化,失业问题日益成为大家关注的热点问题,也成为影响我国改革、发展和稳定的重要因素.为解决失业问题,国家应加快劳动力市场建设,加强职业技术教育,尽快建立和完善失业保险制度;失业人员也应转变旧的择业观念,积极创业.     

Sense of coherence during unemployment

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between different forms of hardship during unemployment and the sense of coherence (SOC). These hardships were considered in the framework of the finances–shame model, which has been developed to help provide a greater understanding of why unemployment is so painful to some whilst others are hardly affected by it. The hypothesis in this study was that the greater the financial hardships during unemployment and the more a person has been subjected to shaming by others because they are unemployed, the lower his or her SOC will be, and vice versa. The empirical data were collected by means of a cross-sectional survey of 1,249 unemployed people in a region in southern Sweden who at the time of the survey were engaged in some form of labour-market training or workfare programme. The dropout rate was 23%. The results from the study lent strong support to the finances–shame model. Among those who were exposed to a greater degree of financial hardship and also had more shaming experiences, the mean SOC score was 42.14 for women and 42.41 for men. The corresponding figures for those facing a lesser degree of financial hardship and with fewer shaming experiences were 67.10 and 66.66 respectively, i.e. figures which are on a par with or somewhat higher than for population studies covering the whole population.     

Political Participation of Local Publics in the Unemployment Field: A Comparison of Lyon and Turin

This article focuses on political participation of local publics in the unemployment field, examining networks of collective actors in Lyon and Turin. Our main question is: Is the participation of local publics fostered under conditions of more developed governance that increases bottom-up access (formal or informal) to elites and institutions in the policy domain? Drawing upon the most recent developments in literatures on social movement theory, governance and network analysis, this article discusses the main variations in terms of political participation of local publics in Lyon and Turin. It then enquires into the main explanatory factors accounting for these variations, thus showing that the openness of governance does influence the level of political participation of local publics. The main argument is that in an open context participation is low, while in a closed (or underdeveloped) context local publics participate more, with differential access to decision-making according to their resources.