Does output predict unemployment? A look at Okun's law in Greece

Using a dynamic specification of Okun's law, the authors examine the relationship between unemployment and output in Greece over the period 2000–12. While Granger causality tests indicate that real output is important to understanding future movements in unemployment, Okun's ratio is found to be 3:1, implying that a 1 per cent increase in unemployment was associated with a 3 per cent decrease in real output during the 13‐year period under study. Also, asymmetric analysis shows that the response of unemployment to real output is stronger during contractions of real economic activity than in expansionary periods.     

理性面对当前形势,轻松告别“知识失业”

就业,一向是各国政府最为关注的问题之一,也是体现社会经济健康发展和以人为本原则的重要标志。因此,知识失业作为当前一个较为严重的社会问题,亟待妥善解决。为提高民众对知识失业的心理承受能力、指导莘莘学子就业,有必要从认识知识失业现状入手,从政府和个人角度分析其产生的原因,并提出应对措施。     

Unemployment in Poland - causes and remedial measures

This article describes unemployment and labor market policy in Poland after 1989. The analysis is based on official statistics, legislation and Polish social science literature. The unemployment situation in Poland is continually changing. Conclusions drawn by social scientists in 1991 and 1992 no longer give an adequate account of labor market trends in 1995. Steeply rising unemployment is the most traumatic upheaval in post-Communist Polish society. At the end of 1989, the number of people looking for work in Poland was far less than the number of available jobs. But by the end of 1992 there were 62 job-seekers for every job opening, dropping to 56 in September 1994. The social problems associated with unemployment vary from region to region. Women and young people predominate among the unemployed. The Polish government set up a Work Fund in January 1990 to alleviate unemployment. The Work Fund is the first real measure taken to assist the unemployed, but new legislation is needed if it is to become more effective.     

马克思资本技术构成理论的当代阐释与多维度含义

由于技术进步加速度进行、发达国家人口静止增长、市场经济竞争机制等3个因素的互动,长期尺度上发达国家中技术进步的就业挤出效应将不断增加,政府对收入再分配的介入程度也越来越大,最终导致资本主义制度核心私有制的和平革命。文章主要价值在于:(1)对马克思资本技术构成原理进行了更完善的当代阐释;(2)提出了不同于恩格斯本人基于普选权讨论和平革命设想的新研究视角。     

失业及其替代关系选择──我国失业的对策

本文认为，失业有隐性失业和显性失业。要医治失业这一顽症，我国应正确处理好几个关系：1.失业与劳动生产率的关系；2.失业与技术进步的关系;3.失业与经济结构调整的关系;4.失业与通货膨胀的关系;5.失业与制度保障的关系。     

Unemployment risks and demands on labour-market flexibility: an analysis of attitudinal patterns in Sweden

People's attitudes towards four aspects of labour-market flexibility corresponding to demands in the unemployment insurance regulations in Sweden were examined. Hypotheses of resistance versus adaptation to these demands were tested. The study showed that unemployed individuals took a relatively more negative stand towards demands on financial flexibility and spatial flexibility. Individuals in low-skilled socio-economic positions were relatively more negative towards demands on financial flexibility, flexibility on time and spatial flexibility, but had the opposite attitude towards functional flexibility. The youngest people in the sample were very similar to the middle-aged in their attitudes, but were more positive towards spatial flexibility. The oldest in the sample were the most negative towards all flexibility aspects. Women took a more negative stand towards flexibility in time and spatial flexibility. Family situation constrained willingness to be flexible. Women with children and single parents were the most negative towards being available in time. Generally, having children diminished willingness for spatial flexibility, but increased it for functional flexibility.     

The Development of Social Assistance and Unemployment Insurance in Germany and Japan

Both Japan and (West) Germany were subjected to foreign “Allied”Occupation from 1945. In this fiftieth anniversary year of the ending of World War Two and the commencement of these periods of Occupation, this paper assesses and compares the impact of the latter experience on social policy development in Germany and Japan. In particular, it focusses on social assistance and unemployment insurance, on the grounds that provision for “the able-bodied poor”constitutes a clear guide as to how far each society has progressed or is progressing along the road to “social citizenship”as defined by T. H. Marshall. The import of Allied Occupation was in practice quite different in the two cases, not least because of their very different paths of social policy development beforehand. Developments in the wake of Occupation and upto the present are nonetheless indicative of there being some elements of policy “convergence”, which welfare state regime theory has hitherto failed to allow for in its concentration upon “whole systems”at the expense of more detailed policy “subsystem”review.     

湖北国有冶金企业产业结构调整过程中的社会保障问题研究

改革开放后,尤其是近几年来,湖北国有冶金企业为了适应市场经济的发展,对其产业结构进行了大力的调整和优化。由于社会保障制度的不完善,这次调整与优化虽取得了较好的效果,但远没有达到预期的目标。本文用实证的方法分析了湖北国有冶金企业产业结构调整过程中的社会保障问题,并在此基地上,就如何完善社会保障制度提出了对策。     

冲突与消解：隐秘摄录引发的法律问题探析

隐秘摄录行为是公众知情权、社会舆论监督、新闻自由的一种权利表现形式,是个体自由价值的体现,在一定程度上包含了公共利益的诉求。隐秘摄录行为虽具有一定的合法性基础,但也极有可能引发侵犯公民隐私的权利冲突。隐秘摄录行为可能引发宪法、行政法、刑法与民法范畴的权利冲突,我国相关法律虽对其进行了规制,但规制力度不大,且我国尚无禁止性法律规范约束隐秘摄录。建议遵循宪法原则指导法律规范,以宪法为上位统筹协调各部门法关于隐秘摄录行为的规定,同时,寻求宪法解释,以消解隐秘摄录行为引发的权利冲突。     

实施效益型就业战略

自然失业率是市场经济条件下实现效益型就业目标的必然结果和必要条件。随着中国社会主义市场经济体制改革的深化,中国的就业体制正由数量型向效益型转变。面对巨大的就业压力,只有实施效益型就业战略,方能开拓国际国内市场,创造有效的就业机会。