英汉“上／下”方位隐喻的认知文化对比分析

许多抽象概念的认知需借助于方位隐喻.由"上/下(up / down)"域产生的隐喻是应用最普遍的一种方位隐喻,它以"上/下(up / down)"的空间意义为核心拓展出一系列丰富的隐喻意义.本文对英汉方位隐喻中的"上/下"源域进行初步探讨,分析其认知基础,并深入剖析英汉语中"上/下"方位隐喻差异及其认知、文化根源     

Analysing non-doctrinal socialization: re-assessing the role of cognition to account for social cohesion in the Religious Society of Friends

To incorporate newcomers into membership, a group employs socialization strategies to transform the characteristics of the newcomers, so that it can admit them with the confidence that their behaviour will not endanger group unity. Analyses of socialization emphasize that novices' interiorization of an institutional definition of group behaviour is a necessary condition to ensure successful socialization. The contemporary Religious Society of Friends in Britain, however, is a non-doctrinal religious movement that avoids defining the content of its beliefs and practices. To analyse the socializing interaction between members and newcomers in this movement in Britain, and among co-religionists in the USA, this inquiry applies a model of socialization that does not include assumptions about the role played by cognition in socialization (Long and Hadden 1983). My results show that: (a) the diffuseness in Friends' collective explanations of institutional conduct supports novices' identification with institutional practice, and (b) experimental and affective components in socialization motivate novices to imitate institutional behaviour despite the fact that Friends have no authoritative explanations of such behaviour. The data suggest that socialization and social cohesion are not necessarily as strongly cognitive-oriented phenomena as they were previously thought to be. This finding has important implications for thinking about social cohesion in postmodern society.     

蔡元培翻译观的认识论诠释

本文从哲学认识论的角度对蔡元培在《国文学讲义.叙言》中隐含的“译即易”的译学观点进行了诠释。认为翻译过程就是译者主体对于文本客体的认识活动,在这一认识过程中,译者主体的认知结构、价值观念、情感等都对翻译起着重要的作用,从而产生不同的认识结果即不同的译本。但译者主体作用的发挥最终还是要受到文本这个客体和原文本作者这另一主体的制约。文本内容,即原作者的思想仍旧是无法改变的。     

创新文化与写作的变革

文化是社会现实存在的反映。创新文化,是与时俱进的、反映社会现实存在的、满足社会需求的文化。写作是生产文化产品的行为过程,其变革,是向着创新文化的发展方向而同步运行的变革。写作变革运行的轨迹,应随着社会需求而转动;运行围绕的圆心,是创新文化。     

Identity work in female‐led creative businesses

This study explores the identity work carried out by three female owner‐managers in creative industry businesses, identified in Government reports as a discriminatory industrial sector for women in the UK. Through the development of narratives by the owners and other participants, observation of practice and review of online and offline materials, three cases emerged. These showed overlapping, different identities developed and performed through identity work. Each presented rational and logical persona as business leaders despite observation showing extensive use of intuition and gut feeling in both creative and entrepreneurial aspects of the business. Intuition and gut feeling were seen as inappropriate at work as they belonged to the home sphere, emotionally based and therefore automatically unreliable. While occupying male stereotypes and avoiding the female realm of emotion at work, these women expressed femininity through their emphasis on the maternal, ‘being a good mother' as a desired ideal being embedded in work as well as home practice.     

舞剧《妈勒访天边》带给文化创意产业的思考

文化创意产业是世界创意经济的一部分。作为文化创意产业,它在很大程度上影响、改变着我们日常工作、交往、休憩、娱乐以至内在心理世界的活动方式。文化创意产业的发展,是整个文化创意机制、文化传播构成与文化参与的行为活动方式的全面创新。     

英语习语变体的认知阐释

英语习语变体不仅是语用者对习语创造性地应用,也反映了语用者的认知思维方式。人类在认识和感知世界的过程中取得的经验促成了人类的概念,并以特有的方式在语言结构中加以兑现,人类以与生俱来的认知能力,将身体经验和社会经验投射为抽象的概念结构。英语习语的变体是一般认知过程作用于思维、概念的结果。通过用认知语言学的框架理论和原型范畴理论来探讨英语习语变体的现象,我们可以更加充分地认识英语习语变体的认知本质。     

大学生就业思想政治教育的新思路探析

大学生就业是社会普遍关注的热点问题。开展大学生就业的思想政治教育,对大学生就业进行合理、有效引导需要创新思维,以建立多渠道、分类别、聚合力、重实践的科学体系。     

本科院校培养大学生创新能力的探索与实践

培养大学生的创新能力,不仅是知识经济社会对人才的要求,也是国家、民族以及大学生个人持续发展的需求。在新形势下,本科院校怎样合理定位自己的人才培养目标,如何培养具有创新能力的合格人才,是一个值得深思的课题。结合长沙理工大学的实际,探讨了本科院校培养大学生创新能力的基本思路和有效途径。     

Social cognition,social neuroscience,and evolutionary social psychology: What's missing?

In this paper I argue that something important, and something social, is missing from contemporary accounts of social cognition, social neuroscience and evolutionary social psychology. Contemporary accounts of social cognition focus on cognition directed towards social objects, that is, towards persons and social groups. In contrast, early twentieth century accounts of socially engaged cognition focused upon beliefs and attitudes oriented to the represented beliefs and attitudes of members of social ‘reference groups’ and directed towards both social and non‐social objects. I argue that this earlier conception of socially engaged cognition should be integrated with contemporary research on social cognition, social neuroscience and evolutionary social psychology, since it poses a challenge but also an opportunity for these disciplines.