一种基于神经网络和决策树的信用评估新方法

分析了数据挖掘在国内外金融领域的应用及研究现状,提出了一种基于神经网络和决策树相结合的信用评估新方法。该方法通过RBF神经网络,进行条件属性裁减,并利用决策树抽取出评估规则。此方法利用神经网络的“黑箱”工作特性,选择重要条件属性,并利用决策树自动生成评估规则,大大提高了信用评估的效率和客观性。     

Will Swedish and Dutch drug policy converge? The role of theory

Sweden and The Netherlands are often referred to as the archetypes of prohibition and harm reduction, respectively. Both nations have, however, recently adopted political measures that fit well in the other country's model. But they have also taken steps that reflect traditional thinking. Are we witnessing the initial stages of convergence or are recent developments better interpreted as adjustments? This article addresses these questions by comparing Swedish and Dutch theoretical understandings of ‘the drug problem’. Goals and practices are illuminated in the context of underlying theory, raising the question: Can substantial convergence be achieved without significant prior changes in theoretical perceptions? It is found that the theoretical understandings of the two paradigms do not mix easily, complicating attempts at convergence. Moreover, both countries have invested a great deal of political prestige in their respective models, further exacerbating the problem. A conceivable way to circumvent these difficulties is suggested.     

赖账行为成因与对策

近年来,我国企业拖欠债务状况已十分严重,破坏了国家经济的正常运行。造成这种情况的主要原因有:企业亏损,无力偿债;地方政府行政干预,制约银行自主经营;产权制度和法制不完善,无法有力保护债权人利益;社会伦理道德的不良影响,诱导债务人拖欠债务等。根据目前情况,应着力建立完善产权制度、信用体系和法律制度,以促使企业债务改善。     

意识形态视角下的美国对华政策

作为一种系统的认识论或道德信念模式,意识形态在各国的外交政策中事实上起着世界观和方法论的作用。美国虽然号称最讲究“实用主义”,但它的对外政策同样也一直深受其意识形态的影响,尤其明显地反映在它的对华政策中。意识形态依然是美国决定其对华政策的一个重要原因。     

公共部门信用管理:理论与实践

在公共管理中,公共部门信用是一种重要的资源,需要合理地开发和利用,加强管理.该文尝试提出公共部门信用管理这一概念,并且对公共部门信用管理的主要特征和效果体现进行初步的探讨:公共部门信用管理相对于私人部门信用管理,具有本质的公共性、主体的广泛性和内容的多样性特点;公共部门信用管理的效果,透过公共政策信用、公共服务的契约信用和公共管理的规则信用体现出来;公共部门应该通过倡导公共部门信用意识和意愿、提高公共部门信用能力、加强公共部门行为过程约束和强化、对公共部门行为效果的信用责任追究等来实施信用管理.     

1989年以来澳大利亚多元文化政策的发展评析

澳大利亚多元文化政策产生于1973年,在1989年被确立为基本国策。此后,多元文化政策得到澳大利亚历届政府不断的坚持和改进,并在原则和措施等方面出现了一些新的发展趋势。这些适时的变化促进了澳大利亚社会的宽容与和谐。     

The Role of Cancer Risk in the Regulation of Industrial Pollution

The extent of carcinogen regulation under existing U.S. environmental statutes is assessed by developing measures of the scope and stringency of regulation. While concern about cancer risk has played an important political role in obtaining support for pollution control programs, it has not provided the predominant rationale for most regulatory actions taken to date. Less than 20% of all standards established to limit concentrations of chemicals in various media address carcinogens. Restrictions on chemical use are more frequently based on concerns about noncancer human health or ecological effects. Of the chemicals in commercial use which have been identified as potential human carcinogens on the basis of rodent bioassays, only a small proportion are regulated. There is an inverse relationship between the scope of regulatory coverage and the stringency of regulatory requirements: the largest percentages of identified carcinogens are affected by the least stringent requirements, such as information disclosure. Standards based on de minimis cancer risk levels have been established for only 10% of identified carcinogens and are restricted to one medium: water. Complete bans on use have affected very few chemicals. The general role that carcinogenicity now plays in the regulatory process is not dramatically different from that of other adverse human health effects: if a substance is identified as a hazard, it may eventually be subject to economically achievable and technically feasible restrictions.     

试论活化信贷资产存量的难点与对策

信贷资产质量是商业银行生存和发展的命脉 ,如何优化信贷资产 ,尤其是盘活存量资产 ,化解金融风险 ,是金融界乃至整个社会普遍关心的热点问题 ,也是学术界研究的重要课题。本文试以商业银行现行实际为切实点 ,在浅析不良资产的成因和盘活存量资产中的难点问题的同时 ,提出了活化存量信贷资产的一些对策建议。     

决策理论中的理性主义与渐进主义及其适用性

理性主义和渐进主义都是决策理论中的主要的根源性模式。对这两种模式的可行性和应用性的批评、争议和讨论 ,引发了多种决策模式的出现 ,同时也使前者得到不断改进 ,促进了决策理论的发展。考察这两种模式的主要特点和它们的相互关系 ,探讨它们在实践中的适用性 ,考量其利弊 ,有助于我们进一步加深对这两种决策模式的认识 ,并使之能在适当的应用中发挥积极的作用 ,从而改善我们的决策方式和决策质量     

全面推进我国证券市场国际化的思考

全面推进我国证券市场的国际化 ,一是要弄清楚证券市场国际化的内涵 ;二是要了解我国证券市场国际化的现实障碍 ;三是要有具体的对策 ,即逐步开放资本市场 ,规范企业股份制改造 ,深化金融体制改革 ,建立防止资本外逃的早期预警系统 ,加强对资产评估与证券评估机构的管理。