解决农村贫困问题与全面建设小康社会

解决农村贫困问题的途径在于:对现有的扶贫方式予以创新;加强贫困地区的基础设施建设;注重提高贫困人口的素质;切实减轻农民负担;加快城镇化进程,引导农村劳动力合理有序流动;引导贫困人口主动参与扶贫活动。     

论中国证券市场监管低效的制度性因素

分析了作为政府强制性的制度安排,中国证券市场在发展过程中产生的市场不规范问题,认为证券市场监管制度的低效运行是问题产生的主要原因。而监管困境的背后则是制度的缺陷,主要表现为两个方面:一是监管当局政策目标与监管目标的冲突;二是以个人和企业信用为核心的信用管理体系的缺失。     

当前影响和制约中国电子商务进一步发展的几个问题

当前，影响和制约中国电子商务进一步发展的主要问题集中表现在“信用缺失”问题上，它导致人们对网上交易仍心存疑虑，物流配送滞后，商品流通不畅，企业计算机应用水平不高，高水平网络人才匮乏，与电子商务相关的法规体制不够健全。为此，中国电子商务必须建立诚信长效机制，加快物流配送体系建设，构筑有效的社会物流配送系统．加快推广电子商务知识，强化电子商务人才培养，健全与国际接轨的电子商务法律体系。     

尽快建立我国信用体系问题的思考

阐明了信用体系的作用及其涵义。分析了由于旧的体制和传统观念等因素的影响,我国的信用体系残缺不全,信用丧失现象随处可见的种种表现、危害及其成因。针对市场经济的发展和中国加入WTO之后所面对的现实,强调了当前在我国尽快建立信用体系的重要性和迫切性;提出了借鉴国外的先进经验,建立起具有中国特色的信用体系的具体对策。     

Making ends meet: perceptions of poverty in Sweden

During the era after the Second World War, Sweden has built a welfare system based on labor market participation and income maintenance. Low unemployment and decent wages are supposed to guarantee people a labor market income or income maintenance, which in turn should provide a proper standard for everyone. However, a rapid increase in unemployment and economic problems have made the future of the Swedish welfare state more uncertain than ever. These circumstances have, among other things, led to the suggestion that Sweden should abandon the income maintenance policy and create a social policy system with the more limited ambition of guaranteeing everyone a minimum income. In that case, one central question must be answered: what constitutes a decent minimum income in today's Sweden? Where should we draw the poverty line under which people will not be forced to live? These questions are central in the current debate. The consensual poverty line method is used in this article to derive a poverty line relevant for today's Sweden. The results shows that more than every fifth household has an income below the consensual poverty line. That is, they have an income that most Swedes would argue is too low to make ends meet. The level of the consensual poverty line was compared with the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for social assistance. The consensual poverty line was shown to be more generous to small households and the norm for social assistance was more generous to larger households. Finally, the expenditure for guaranteeing all Swedish household a minimum income equal to the consensual poverty line was estimated: more than SEK 25 billion per year. The results in the article casts serious doubt on the ability of the Swedish welfare state to secure a decent income to all citizens.     

略谈法制建设与商业诚信建设的关系

法制建设与商业诚信建设之间是一种互为因果、互相促进的关系。只有建立适应信用经济发展的法制体系才能建立和谐的诚信社会,而诚信社会的建立过程也正是法制社会完善的过程。目前,处理好这一关系的关键在于扫除征信制度不完善和失信惩戒机制不健全两大制度障碍。     

中小企业信用评价的实证研究

中小企业在整个国民经济中起着越来越重要的作用,但中小企业普遍存在信用等级低等问题,给全社会的经济秩序和中小企业自身的发展带来不小的负面影响.文章对中小企业的信用状况和特点进行具体研究,提出了较为合适的信用评价体系,并结合河南省企业调查队在全省13个地市分别抽取50家不同类型的中小企业的数据资料,对其信用状况作出了定量分析和评价,为河南省的中小企业信用管理提供了一些实践性和理论性的参考.     

桃花源里可耕田?--从一个瑶寨看扶贫与发展

贫困一直以来被认为是经济问题,许多扶贫措施也主要是采用经济手段来试图解决这一问题.文章通过对一个背陇瑶村落50多年的社会变迁进行考察,认为生态环境的恶化是村民家庭贫困的重要原因,城乡二元结构制度也一定程度上阻碍了该村经济与社会的发展,但作者更倾向于认为贫困是一种文化秩序的结果.扶贫工作在改善贫困人口的物质生活条件的同时,也把扶贫者的思想观念灌输给贫困者,由此而产生的后果之一就是富人或者强权者的财富观强化了贫困人口的贫困感,双方以一种合谋的方式制造了一套关于贫困的文化秩序.     

高校学生诚信缺失原因

对大学生的诚信教育是一项复杂的系统工程,已成为高校思想政治工作的重要内容。针对大学生诚信方面存在的问题,找出大学生诚信缺失的原因,以便更好地做好学生的思想工作。     

Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in developing countries

Many thousands of people in developing country cities depend on recycling materials from waste for their livelihoods. With the focus of the Millennium Development Goals on poverty reduction, and of waste strategies on improving recycling rates, one of the major challenges in solid waste management in developing countries is how best to work with this informal sector to improve their livelihoods, working conditions and efficiency in recycling.The general characteristics of informal recycling are reviewed, highlighting both positive and negative aspects. Despite the health and social problems associated with informal recycling, it provides significant economic benefits that need to be retained. Experience shows that it can be highly counterproductive to establish new formal waste recycling systems without taking into account informal systems that already exist. The preferred option is to integrate the informal sector into waste management planning, building on their practices and experience, while working to improve efficiency and the living and working conditions of those involved. Issues associated with integrating informal recycling into the formal waste management sector are discussed.