刑事和解理论及我国刑事和解制度构建初探

刑事和解制度在西方国家已经趋于成熟。“平衡理论”、“叙说理论”和“恢复正义理论”是其理论基石。该制度对于从根本上化解社会矛盾、稳定社会秩序发挥了重要作用。我国建立刑事和解制度既有传统文化基础,又有现实的社会基础,还有刑事政策基础及司法实践基础。因此,借鉴国外经验,结合我国的不起诉制度构建刑事和解制度是可行的。     

和谐社会构建与宽严相济刑事政策的贯彻

自新中国成立以来,应对犯罪的基本策略,历经"镇压与宽大相结合政策"、"惩办与宽大相结合政策"而演变发展为"宽严相济的刑事政策"。宽严相济是我国的基本刑事政策,它对于当今中国构建和谐社会具有重要的现实意义。贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策,应当注重贯彻宽松刑事政策,合理运用严格刑事政策,并协调运作宽松与严格刑事政策。     

刑法司法解释溯及力的若干问题探讨

文章在分析我国刑法司法解释溯及力理论和实践的基础上,论述了刑法司法解释应有溯及力,以及溯及力存在的各种情况。还就刑法司法解释溯及力在司法实践中的几种特殊问题进行了探讨。     

内地刑法与澳门刑法总则若干基本问题的比较研究

《澳门刑法典》是具有鲜明地域特色的刑法典,其立法观念、立法技术及一些具体的刑事政策,都反映了当代刑法学的最新研究成果。它以感化教育和社会防卫为己任,对维护社会秩序发挥了重要作用,但在执行中也暴露出了一些弊端。本文将内地刑法与澳门刑法总则若干基本问题进行比较研究,就基本原则、犯罪概念及犯罪构成的异同及优劣进行了分析比较。     

国际犯罪刑事责任再探

在国际刑法领域 ,刑事责任仍是研究和解决的核心 ,只不过其涉及的问题更复杂 ,认识上的分歧更多。对国际犯罪刑事责任概念的理解应站在国际刑法“两重性”的基点上 ,既体现刑事责任的基本特征 ,又突出国际性特点。国际犯罪刑事责任的范围 ,是国际刑法研究中必须解决的理论前提 ,而国际犯罪刑事责任范围的确定 ,取决于国际犯罪的范围和国际犯罪刑事责任承担者的范围。国际犯罪刑事责任的实现是研究国际犯罪刑事责任的归宿 ,而追究国际犯罪刑事责任的管辖权限、启动程序和实现方式都有不同于一般刑事责任的特殊性     

大数据安全视角下计算机数据刑法保护之反思

大数据安全问题是信息时代刑法面临的全新挑战,在大数据技术的推动下,计算机数据的价值属性通过“量变”实现了“质变”,催生了新的法益保护需求并弱化了传统法益的刑法保护效果,传统的计算机数据刑法保护体系严重滞后。重新解释非法获取计算机信息系统罪并对《刑法修正案（九）（草案）》规定进行微调,是实现计算机数据刑法保护体系完善必经的司法途径和立法途径。     

A “shift in attitude”? Institutional change and sexual and gender-based crimes at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia

ABSTRACT

The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) has been slow to address sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) crimes perpetrated during the Democratic Kampuchea regime. However, there appears to have been a tentative “shift in attitude” at the ECCC toward the investigation and prosecution of these crimes. This article draws on feminist institutionalist theories, first to explain the ECCC’s initial failure to prioritize SGBV and then to explain how and why this may have changed. The article suggests that such change has not arisen from the ECCC’s formal rules. Instead, various actors working with and around these “old rules” have drawn on these provisions, civil society initiatives and international and national gender norms to modify “informal” practices concerning the prosecution of SGBV at the ECCC. Sensitivity to SGBV is particularly important in hybrid, or internationalized, international criminal structures, which may be hindered by prohibitive practices emerging from both the international and national components of the institution.     

Forensic Evaluation of Deaf Individuals: Challenges and Strategies

ABSTRACT

Forensic evaluation of deaf individuals presents unique challenges due to many examinees’ fund of information deficits, potential for language deprivation, and examiners’ frequent lack of creativity regarding communication methods. This article describes challenges most frequently encountered in competency to stand trial and criminal responsibility evaluations and offers strategies for overcoming them. The value of employing multiple communication methods, especially the use of illustrations, is emphasized. Suggestions also are offered regarding preparing evaluation reports and effectively communicating “key deaf fundamentals” to legal personnel. Encouragement is offered for qualified, sign-fluent professionals to engage in forensic work.     

Romantic Relationships and Criminal Desistance: Pathways and Processes

In dominant theories of criminal desistance, marital relationship formation is understood to be a key “turning point” away from deviant behavior. Empirical studies supporting this claim have largely focused on the positive role of marriage in men's desistance from crime, and relatively few studies have examined the role that nonmarital relationships may play in desistance. Drawing on 138 longitudinal in‐depth interviews with 22 men and women reentering society from prison, this article extends the scope of desistance research by additionally considering the significance of more fleeting and fluid relationships, and the diverse processes through which romantic relationships of all sorts are linked with criminal behaviors. We present an empirically based typology detailing six processes, grouped within three conceptual categories, through which romantic relationships had their effects. These pathways include material circumstances, social bonds and interactions, and emotional supports and stressors. We also consider gender differences in these processes. While more tenuous bonds to marginally conventional partners would seem to exert little effect, as one of the few relationships and social roles available to many former prisoners, we found that they wielded important influence, if not always in a positive direction.     

犯罪圈的扩张及其合理限制——以我国刑事立法的变迁为视角

犯罪圈的扩张是我国刑事立法的主导方向,现代化的发展、权利的保护是犯罪圈在特定时期不断扩大的主要原因。立法上的犯罪化的内在根据,在于行为具有应受刑罚处罚程度的社会危害性。犯罪圈的扩张应当受到合理限制：遵循刑法的谦抑性原则,考虑新增罪名与其他罪名的关系,考虑国民的感受与认同并理性对待民意,在注重入罪的同时,也应做到及时地出罪。