Will You Die for Your Country? Workplace Death in an Era of Mass Incarceration

People with criminal records in the United States continue to face limited employment opportunities due to social stigma and legal barriers. In contrast to the civilian sector, the military conducts a “whole person” evaluation to screen potential recruits and regularly hires people with felony and misdemeanor records. Moreover, evidence suggests that the military serves as a socially integrative institution and may facilitate desistance from future crimes. However, critics argue that the military exacerbates inequalities by subjecting marginalized communities to the unequal burden of service. Using the data obtained from the Army, we examine the relative risks of combat exposure and casualties between enlisted soldiers with and without criminal records who joined between 2002 and 2009. The results suggest that soldiers with felony and misdemeanor records are more likely to be assigned to combat occupations than those without criminal records. We also find that among soldiers assigned to positions with low combat exposure, ex-offenders face a higher risk of death compared to those without criminal records. Findings do not dispute the idea that the military facilitates desistance from future crimes and provides second chances to people with criminal records, but reaffirm the fact that military service costs lives and limbs.     

On Legal Foundation of the Quantity of Criminal Responsibility

刑事责任量可以分为基本量、增量、减量和变量,相应地,刑事责任量的法律根据分为基本量的法律根据、增量的法律根据、减量的法律根据和变量的法律根据。其中,基本量的法律根据是犯罪的基本构成,增量的法律根据是加重的犯罪构成,减量的法律根据是减轻的犯罪构成,变量的法律根据是变量法定情节。     

犯罪圈的扩张及其合理限制——以我国刑事立法的变迁为视角

犯罪圈的扩张是我国刑事立法的主导方向,现代化的发展、权利的保护是犯罪圈在特定时期不断扩大的主要原因。立法上的犯罪化的内在根据,在于行为具有应受刑罚处罚程度的社会危害性。犯罪圈的扩张应当受到合理限制：遵循刑法的谦抑性原则,考虑新增罪名与其他罪名的关系,考虑国民的感受与认同并理性对待民意,在注重入罪的同时,也应做到及时地出罪。     

刑事政策视野下醉驾入刑的正当性论析

从刑事政策的视角看,醉驾入刑是立法机关所作出的一项正确选择。作为一种具有严重社会危害性及应受刑罚处罚性的行为,醉驾具有入刑的必要性。此外,面对日益严重的醉驾现状,原有的处罚已不足以抑止此类违法行为以充分保护公共交通安全,故将其入刑亦符合刑法谦抑原则的要求。然而,具有入刑的正当性,并不代表立法规定本身及实施过程中的完美性,入刑后存在的问题同样值得关注。     

电子证据收集的基本方法：法律层面和技术层面的分析

电子证据收集的基本方法包括法律层面和技术层面的方法。电子证据收集应当特别注意对隐私权的保护。我国应当赋予检察机关采用技术侦查方法收集电子证据的权力,扩充网络警察队伍,建立网络警察培训机制,推动电子证据收集工作的顺利开展。     

“消极修辞”之内涵新解

陈望道先生的修辞两大分野值得肯定,但他界定的“修辞”内涵必须重新解读。为此,重新探讨了消极修辞的定义、研究对象以及研究目的,提出消极修辞指没有相对固定格式的句式语词选择创造之艺术。具体有两个研究对象：其一是旨在适切语境、语体、语流的语境性措辞选择创造,其二是旨在达雅的文本内部措辞选择创造。其研究目的在于让受众能够切实把握该艺术,提高选择创造句式语词的能力,提高语言表现力。     

REVISITING THE AGENT OF SOCIAL CONTROL ROLE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT

The agent of social control role and its responsibilities and goals provide an important function in social work practice. Workers in varied positions often combine this role with others that define the profession. Yet in the not too distant past, a debate arose as to whether this role, focusing on promoting and protecting the general welfare of society, could be congruent with also fostering the improved functioning and self‐determination of individual clients. Periodically, this topic emerges to challenge the appropriateness of these dual activities in satisfactorily and equitably serving both constituents.

Within the field of substance abuse, court‐mandated referrals have established a need for practitioners to perform social control tasks to monitor and report clients' compliance with and progress in treatment. This has created a conflict for many who consider their practice to be client‐centered. This article will explore the dilemmas experienced in attempting to simultaneously carry out both roles and the guidance provided from the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. In addition, proposed strategies to reduce the duality of difficulties will be summarized.     

“性贿赂”入罪的法理支持

目前刑法将贪污贿赂罪局限在收受财物的范围内,易导致“性贿赂”这种具有严重社会危害性的行为逃脱刑罚的制裁。从法理学的视角,从“性贿赂”入罪的应然性、道德合理性、立法渊源的层面,来论证将“性贿赂”纳入刑法调整范围的合理性和必要性。     

“罪名”抑或“具体犯罪行为”之析——对刑法第17条第2款有权解释的几点看法

相对刑事责任年龄的人犯罪,承担刑事责任能力与其年龄密切相关。立法上始终贯彻“以教育为主,惩罚为辅”的方针和“从宽处罚”的原则,对其承担刑事责任的范围作出了及其严格的限制规定。但如何确定犯罪的相对刑事责任年龄人承担刑事责任的范围、触犯的罪名等,在理论上还有待于进一步探讨。     

Cosmopolitan stance negotiation in multicultural academic settings

Our analysis of an informal event involving Chinese and Spanish students and lecturers displays the cumulative nature of stance negotiation in multicultural settings. It also highlights the role of sociocultural and ideological elements in stancetaking, not only in relation to the positions adopted by the participants, but also in the successive redefinition and reframing of the stance objects. Sociocultural and ideological elements are also crucial for the collective construction of intersubjectivities, particularly among mobile citizens. The way in which our international students managed to overcome misalignments, the values and ideologies evoked within the interaction, reveal nuances of cosmopolitanism that point to a globalization of tastes triggered by multiculturalism and the worldwide expansion of capitalism. Sharing a cosmopolitan orientation, however, did not prevent ideological contradictions among the participants. An analysis of how these were voiced and negotiated allows grasping the remarkably wide spectrum of cosmopolitanism(s) today.