基于消费者显著性偏好的双边平台转换成本和定价策略研究

针对消费者对转换成本和价格属性具有显著性偏好的实际情况，基于显著性理论对垄断双边平台企业的转换成本和定价策略问题进行了研究。研究发现：1)在显著性偏好非对称型市场上，对价格敏感的一方收取的价格最低，对高转换成本的一方收取的价格最高，而在显著性偏好对称型市场上，平台的最优价格位于非对称型市场之间，但是对价格敏感型市场收取的价格低于转换成本敏感型市场的价格。2)在高转换成本的市场，平台利润最低；低转换成本市场平台利润最高，而混合型情况的最优利润位于这两者之间。该研究结论说明平台企业应该采取措施来降低用户加入平台的转换成本，从而增加利润，这与现实的案例研究结论相吻合。     

An Agent‐Based Model for Pathogen Persistence and Cross‐Contamination Dynamics in a Food Facility

We used an agent‐based modeling (ABM) framework and developed a mathematical model to explain the complex dynamics of microbial persistence and spread within a food facility and to aid risk managers in identifying effective mitigation options. The model explicitly considered personal hygiene practices by food handlers as well as their activities and simulated a spatially explicit dynamic system representing complex interaction patterns among food handlers, facility environment, and foods. To demonstrate the utility of the model in a decision‐making context, we created a hypothetical case study and used it to compare different risk mitigation strategies for reducing contamination and spread of Listeria monocytogenes in a food facility. Model results indicated that areas with no direct contact with foods (e.g., loading dock and restroom) can serve as contamination niches and recontaminate areas that have direct contact with food products. Furthermore, food handlers’ behaviors, including, for example, hygiene and sanitation practices, can impact the persistence of microbial contamination in the facility environment and the spread of contamination to prepared foods. Using this case study, we also demonstrated benefits of an ABM framework for addressing food safety in a complex system in which emergent system‐level responses are predicted using a bottom‐up approach that observes individual agents (e.g., food handlers) and their behaviors. Our model can be applied to a wide variety of pathogens, food commodities, and activity patterns to evaluate efficacy of food‐safety management practices and quantify contamination reductions associated with proposed mitigation strategies in food facilities.     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区学前教育建设的经验与启示

抗战时期，陕甘宁边区在中国共产党的领导下进行了独具特色的学前教育建设活动，形成了独特的建设经验，主要包括提供保障措施、建立精简高效的组织架构、注重保教队伍的建设、关爱幼儿的身体健康、开展科学的教育教学工作。重现边区学前教育活动，探寻其成功经验，继承与发扬红色教育精神，对新时期幼儿的培养与培育有积极的现实指导意义。     

The dual-continuum approach: An extension of the contingency theory of strategic conflict management

This article examines the limitations of using a single advocacy-accommodation continuum when depicting organizational stance and movement in conflict situations (Cancel et al., 1997). The authors argue that advocacy and accommodation can vary independently in response to a variety of contingent factors. To comprehensively capture the locations and motions that are possible in organization-public conflicts, a two-continuum approach is proposed. Separate assessment of the effects of contingency variables on advocacy and accommodation can be used to accurately locate organizational stance along advocacy and accommodation continua. Strategic alternatives that cannot be depicted using a single continuum (such as favorable alignment of organization advocacy/public accommodation or unilateral change on the part of one party) can be captured if separate continua are employed. By depicting initial stances and desired directions of movement for both the organization and public, the dual-continuum approach can also provide practical guidance to public relations professionals in selecting strategies for achieving preferred outcomes and evaluating their effectiveness.     

论边疆自治州行政管理体制改革目标确立的思路——以文山壮族苗族自治州为个案

边疆自治州行政管理体制改革目标是确定改革内容、明确改革思路、完善行政管理体制的前提,是改革的出发点和归宿。改革目标的确立受多重因素制约,是一个综合考虑各方面因素的过程。以文山壮族苗族自治州为个案,认为边疆自治州行政管理体制改革目标,应该在准确分析改革目标确立存在问题的基础上,以科学的理论为指导,结合特殊的行政生态环境才能进行确立。     

水驱砂岩油藏孔喉结构变化的三维网络模拟

以长期水驱实验为基础，建立了等效水驱砂岩储层孔喉结构变化的三维网络模拟模型，结合三维微粒运移机制和有限差分求解方法，得到了长期水驱砂岩油藏孔喉结构变化规律：（1） 冲刷后喉道半径呈增加趋势，喉道半径变化范围变大，极小喉道半径呈微弱减小趋势；（2） 孔隙网络模型中冲刷半径扩大的孔道分布形式与原始孔隙网络结构密切相关，并非所有的大孔道都串联起来贯穿岩芯孔隙网络的两个端面，但入口端和出口端部分大孔道相互连通，形成端面上的大孔道网络群。网络模拟注水结果结合采油井测试，可为注水剖面的调整提供更加可靠的依据。     

现代社会隐私权和知情权的边界

现代社会是权利的社会,也是权利冲突频发的社会。权利之间的冲突缘起于法律规则的模糊性、权利的滥用和权利的交互性。其实质是一种客观存在的事实而非理论预设和逻辑分析的结果。权利冲突可以大致界分为主体间的权利冲突、价值冲突、利益冲突三种类型;权利间的冲突需要借助社会控制模式(个人控制、组织控制、法律控制)并通过价值平衡方法来解决。     

文化空缺视野下中美认知模式比较研究

成功的跨文化交际不仅要了解文化差异,更要了解文化空缺现象背后认知模式的差异及其根源。中美文化中存在大量的文化空缺现象,这也是双方认知模式迥异的根源。在对文化空缺进行理论概述的基础上,对中美文化空缺现象进行对比分析,深入探讨由此带来的中美认知模式差异。在文化空缺的基础上对中美认知模式进行比较研究,有助于中美跨文化交际顺利进行,促进中美关系健康发展。     

Children's Physiological Regulation and Sibling Conflict as Correlates of Children's Conscience Development

Children's conscience, including the ability to experience guilt and engage in rule‐compatible behavior, develops across early childhood. The current study investigated whether within‐family variation in children's baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and sibling conflict behavior were associated with individual differences in children's guilt and internalized conduct. Between‐family differences across sibling dyad gender compositions were also examined. A within‐family design that included 70 families with two siblings between the ages of 2 and 5 was utilized. Children's baseline RSA was measured while sitting quietly with their family. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaires that assessed siblings’ conflict behavior, guilt, and internalized conduct. Older siblings had higher levels of guilt and internalized conduct than younger siblings. Results from actor‐partner interdependence models indicated that there were no direct effects of children's baseline RSA. The interaction effects approached significance (p's ≤ .08) suggesting that older siblings’ conflict moderated the association between older siblings’ baseline RSA and both older and younger siblings’ guilt. In contrast, older siblings’ conflict was positively associated with older and younger siblings’ internalized conduct. Guilt and internalized conduct also differed for older and younger siblings in different dyad gender compositions. The results underscore the need for greater clarity regarding the function that siblings serve in promoting children's moral development during early childhood.     

Social cohesion in Rwanda: Results from a public good experiment

We describe a public good experiment, a type of economic experiment commonly used to examine feelings of prosociality—that is, behaviour which is positive, helpful and intended to promote social acceptance and friendship—and community cohesion, carried out in Rwanda. Contributions in different parts of the country are affected by the local intensity of the 1994 genocide, with more generous contributions being made in areas where violence was greater. This supports earlier research indicating that conflict experience leads to greater prosociality. However, we also find that people who have not, themselves, been targets of violence give lower contributions than people who have. The considerable group‐related and regional differences in social behaviour may have implications for the country's policies to deal with social cohesion.