国内自然语义元语言理论研究:现状与思考

作为当代语义学的一种新范式,自然语义元语言理论于1972年由波兰语义学派创始人安娜·威尔兹彼卡提出.国内的自然语义元语言理论研究始于20世纪90年代初.1994-2014年,我国学者发表相关论文达五十余篇,出版专著两部,初步建构起一套独特的自然语义元语言理论研究体系.从NSM的本体研究、与其他语义学理论的比较、语义解释力、批判性评价、应用研究等五个方面回顾了20年来国内自然语义元语言理论研究的概况,指出了该领域研究中存在的不足,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

论《弗朗西斯·麦康伯短暂的幸福生活》的叙述与描写

在海明威的短篇小说中,《弗朗西斯·麦康伯短暂的幸福生活》的叙述艺术别具一格,具有极大的艺术魅力。就其叙述方式说,横断面写法、围绕主题选择时间切点、张弛有致的节奏、悬念丛生的结局,显示了海明威构思的精巧。就其描写方式说,神态描写、语言描写,特别是肖像描写、心理描写,显示了海明威描写的传神。这些精巧的构思与传神的描写构成了小说的结构艺术特色。     

跨区域大气污染联合防治中的地方政府 演化博弈分析

针对大气污染呈现出的复合型、流动性和跨区域的特点,将地方政府在大气污染联合防治中的相互影响总结为“同向外部效应”和“部分排他效应”,应用演化博弈分析法,剖析地方政府之间大气污染联合防治的演化过程和演化结果。研究结果表明：地方政府治污成本的降低、对不治理污染地方政府惩罚力度的加大、地方政府治理大气污染效果的提高、地方政府不治理大气污染可见性的提升、大气污染治理外部性的减弱等都有助于演化博弈的稳定策略向地方政府跨区域联合防治的方向演进,从而有助于提升大气污染的治理效果,达到改善生态环境的目的。     

我国跨行政区流域生态补偿机制研究 ——以淮河流域、太湖流域为例

流域生态补偿是利用经济手段对流域生态的外部性进行矫正的一种手段。政府强干预型与市场主导型的流域生态补偿机制都各有优缺点。当前,我国流域生态补偿存在法律机制尚不完善,水资源的产权模糊,补偿主体不明确,补偿方式单一,公民参与渠道不畅等困境。为构建高效的跨行政区流域生态补偿机制,必须制定专门性的流域生态补偿法律,充分发挥地方立法的自主性,健全流域生态补偿的法律体系;既要在近期充分发挥政府在流域生态补偿中的主导作用,又要在远期着眼于建立市场手段为主的流域生态补偿机制;拓宽公众参与途径,建立信息公开机制以及公众参与的经济激励机制,以提升流域生态补偿的制度认可度与制度效用。     

广西沿边"适应-竞争-合作"式 城镇演化模式研究 ——以凭祥、东兴为例

新时代不充分不平衡发展问题突出,加大力度支持边疆民族地区加快发展的要求迫在眉睫。广西沿边民族地区发展总体滞后,城镇发展模式趋同;东兴和凭祥在沿边城镇发展模式趋同的情况下,在“适应-竞争-合作”式城镇演化过程中,充分利用国家政策、发挥比较优势、培育优势特色产业、深化内外合作,实现了城镇经济的跨越式发展。本文以生物学“趋同进化”理论为基础,结合新发展理念和东兴、凭祥的发展经验建议：广西沿边民族地区采取“适应-竞争-合作”式城镇发展模式,以创新增强各城镇内生动力,以互补合作促进协调发展,以绿色发展道路助推城镇发展的可持续性,以加强内外市场的联动性来深化城镇开放、合作式发展,以“省-市-县”、“县-镇-村”的互联互通推进共享发展。     

Challenges and dilemmas working with high‐conflict families in child protection casework

Social workers within child protection services report that families marked by high levels of conflict between separated parents are among the most challenging cases to handle. Few studies however have focussed on how social workers themselves experience and meet with parents involved in hostile martial interactions. This article reports on a qualitative study involving 31 social workers and provides an analysis of their experiences and dilemmas in working with such families. Findings demonstrate that social workers struggle to find ways to help high‐conflict families and often find themselves at an impasse. Parents involved in such conflict are highly resistant to change, and social workers struggle to engage with them over concerns about their children. Furthermore, findings suggest that social workers lack organizationally allotted time to assist the parents. I conclude by discussing ways in which emotional support, empowering interventions, and strength‐based approaches enable social workers to manage relationships with high‐conflict families. More research on this topic is needed to support and promote better practices for social workers to be more effective in assisting high‐conflict families.     

Pathways from workplace flexibility to turnover intention: Role of work–family conflict,family–work conflict,and job satisfaction

This study examined the prevalence of workplace flexibility and the mechanisms that allow workplace flexibility to influence turnover intentions through work–family and family–work conflicts and job satisfaction among low‐wage workers in South Korea. Participants included 250 low‐wage workers whose monthly salary was less than 2 million Korean won (approx. $1,900). The study results indicate that low‐wage workers have limited access to workplace flexibility and that workplace flexibility plays a significant protective role in reducing their turnover intention, indirectly by decreasing work–family conflicts and enhancing job satisfaction. This article also discusses the implications of these findings for labor policy and social work practice.     

Parental stress and parenting in Chinese immigrant families: The mediating role of social support

As the population of Chinese immigrants has been growing rapidly in the United States, it has been understudied on the parenting behaviours as well as the roles parental stress and social support playing in parenting in this group. This study investigated whether parental stress was associated with parenting and whether this relationship was mediated by social support in a sample of 255 Chinese immigrant parents from the Survey of Asian American Families in New York City. Regression analyses with a rich array of control variables found that a higher level of parental stress and the presence of one or more stressors such as unemployment, low income, and low education were positively associated with the use of harsh discipline and parent–child conflicts and negatively associated with positive parenting practices. Social support functioned as a significant mediator in the relationships between parental stress and positive parenting practices but not in the relationships of parental stress with parent–child conflict or the use of harsh discipline.     

Regression models to dependence for exceedance

Extreme Value Theory (EVT) aims to study the tails of probability distributions in order to measure and quantify extreme events of maximum and minimum. In river flow data, an extreme level of a river may be related to the level of a neighboring river that flows into it. In this type of data, it is very common for flooding of a location to have been caused by a very large flow from an affluent river that is tens or hundreds of kilometers from this location. In this sense, an interesting approach is to consider a conditional model for the estimation of a multivariate model. Inspired by this idea, we propose a Bayesian model to describe the dependence of exceedance between rivers, where we considered a conditionally independent structure. In this model, the dependence between rivers is captured by modeling the excess marginally of one river as a consequence of linear functions of the other rivers. The results showed that there is a strong and positive connection between excesses in one river caused by the excesses of the other rivers.     

涉核邻避冲突的生成逻辑及敏捷应对策略研究

涉核邻避冲突是中国核能建设进程中不可避免的影响因素。文章通过对四个典型案例的考察,发现当下涉核邻避冲突呈现出公共价值输出的非理性化、新媒体情境下冲突形式的耦合化、民众抗争行动的社会学习化三个特征。文章通过理论探析和案例验证发现相对剥夺感背后的封闭决策、锚定效应影响下的认知失衡、信息不对称引致的信任阻碍、人际互动状态中的群体行动共同构成了涉核邻避冲突的生成逻辑。最后,以生成逻辑为基准,在敏捷治理理论指导下,分别从科学决策、矫正认知、建立信任、阻断转化四个维度提出了敏捷应对涉核邻避冲突的对策。