发展步频是提高新生男子50米跑的关键

本文结合龙洞校区新生男子５０米跑的体育教学和训练的特点，以发展步频能力作为主要目标，设计编排了一套训练方法。     

The Sociological Study of Values

Fifty years ago, Robin M. Williams Jr. described eight notable changes in U.S. sociology, one of which was the “widespread diffusion of a relatively clear and sophisticated conception of the place of values in sociological study, as an object of research, as a factor in behavior, and as an element to be controlled in the prosecution of research” (Williams, 1958:621). In this essay, I ask what has become of that rising interest in the sociological study of values? I follow three distinct trajectories of sociological research on values, briefly describing the contributions of each, and identifying several lines of inquiry that strike me as particularly important and promising for the future.     

Social pressure in the stadiums: Do agents change behavior without crowd support?

Social pressure may have relevant consequences in many contexts but it is hard to evaluate it empirically. In this paper we exploit a natural experiment in soccer to provide clear evidence of its effects. We aim to study how social pressure from the crowd in a stadium affects both players and referees. While in normal matches crowd support may be correlated to a host of variables affecting the outcome of interest, we exploit the fact that after the health emergency for the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, soccer matches in top European Leagues have been allowed only behind closed doors, that is, without spectators in the stadiums. We use data of first and second division of five major European Leagues (Germany, Spain, England, Italy and Portugal) for the last 10 seasons and compare – using a differences-in-differences analysis – several outcomes (determined by players’ performance and referees’ decisions) of matches played with crowd support to the same outcomes when matches were played without crowd. We find considerable effects of the pressure from the crowd: while with the support of the crowd a considerable home advantage emerges in various measures of performance (points, goals, shots, etc.), this advantage is almost halved when matches are played behind closed doors. Similar effects are found for the behavior of referees: decisions of fouls, yellow cards, red cards and penalties that tend to favor home teams in normal matches, are much more balanced without the crowd pressing on referees. The evidence we provide strongly supports the idea that social pressure has intense effects on agents’ behavior.     

Testing an organizational innovativeness integrative model across cultures

Most previous within-discipline research on innovativeness as an organizational trait does not account for cross-disciplinary perspectives, leading to incomplete findings. This paper develops an integrative model of organizational innovativeness, based on research in several disciplines to identify antecedents to, characteristics of, and outcomes of organizational innovativeness. Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based data from Israeli, Lithuanian, and Slovakian public organizations were used to test the model. Market and learning orientation enhanced organizational innovativeness, whereas internal politics and centralization reduced it. Organizational innovativeness enhanced two individual-level outcomes (satisfaction and commitment), as well as innovation performance, which, in turn, improved overall organizational performance.     

浅谈马克思的生态思想——基于山西太谷玛钢厂环境污染问题的思考

尽管"生态"这个概念在马克思的著作中未明确使用过,也从未出现过,但在他的学说中却内在地包含有生态思想。马克思的生态思想是现代生态自然观的直接理论来源。马克思认为资本主义时期生产方式的内在缺陷是造成环境污染、生态破坏的直接根源,他还对人与自然、人与社会的矛盾关系进行系统的研究分析,这为马克思生态思想的诞生埋下了伏笔。基于山西太谷玛钢厂环境污染的现实问题的思考,可以更直接形象地认识马克思的生态思想,从而有利于人类得心应手的解决生态环境问题。     

无线数传在电梯监控系统中的应用

针对现有电梯监控系统布线繁琐,容易出故障的现象,提出使用无线通信的方式传输电梯监控数据。以德国奔克bp304控制系统为平台,采用NRF905射频芯片为无线收发器,M051单片机为主控芯片设计的无线收发模块,并通过功率放大器增加无线通信距离。经过实际测试,通信有效距离达到了1 km,无线通信不仅有效地解决了布线问题,而且节约了整个监控系统的成本。     

A Note on Criterion-Robust Optimal Designs for Model Discrimination and Parameter Estimation in Polynomial Regression Models

Consider the problem of discriminating between the polynomial regression models on [?1, 1] and estimating parameters in the models. Zen and Tsai (2002 Zen , M. M. , Tsai , M. H. ( 2002 ). Some criterion-robust optimal designs for the dual problem of model discrimination and parameter estimation . Sankhya Ind. J. Statist. 64 : (Series B, Pt. 3) : 322 – 338 . [Google Scholar]) proposed a multiple-objective optimality criterion, M _γ-criterion, which uses weight γ (0 ≤ γ ≤ 1) for model discrimination and α = β = (1 ? γ)/2 for parameter estimation in each model. In this article, we generalize it to a wider setup with different values of α and β. For instance, α = 2 β suggests that the “smaller” model is more likely to be the true model. Using similar techniques, the corresponding criterion-robust optimal design is investigated. A study for the original criterion-robust optimal design with α = β, through M-efficiency, shows that it is good enough for any wider setup.     

Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Regions for the Mean Sojourn Time of an M/M/1 Queueing System

This article discusses testing hypotheses and confidence regions with correct levels for the mean sojourn time of an M/M/1 queueing system. The uniformly most powerful unbiased tests for three usual hypothesis testing problems are obtained and the corresponding p values are provided. Based on the duality between hypothesis tests and confidence sets, the uniformly most accurate confidence bounds are derived. A confidence interval with correct level is proposed.     

Estimation of Traffic Intensity Based on Queue Length in a Single M/M/1 Queue

In this article, maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) as well as Bayes estimator of traffic intensity (ρ) in an M/M/1/∞ queueing model in equilibrium based on number of customers present in the queue at successive departure epochs have been worked out. Estimates of some functions of ρ which provide measures of effectiveness of the queue have also been derived. A comprehensive simulation study starting with the transition probability matrix has been carried out in the last section.     

β-Invariant Measures for Transition Matrices of GI/M/1 Type

In this paper, we study transition matrices of GI/M/1 type by using the approach proposed in Li and Zhao.[13] Li, Q.L. and Zhao, Y.Q. 2002. “A constructive method for finding β-invariant measures for transition matrices of M/G/1 type”. In Matrix-Analytic Methods Theory and Applications 237–263. New Jersey: World Scientific. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] We obtain conditions on the α-classification of states for the transition matrix of GI/M/1 type. Unlike for matrices of M/G/1 type where association of the matrix multiplication can be easily justified, for matrices of GI/M/ type, we first construct formal expressions for the β-invariant measure based on a representation of factorization of the transition matrix, and then show that it is a β-invariant measure directly. We also prove some spectral properties for the matrix of GI/M/1 type, which are not only used in constructing a formal expression for the β-invariant measure, but also of their own interest. We point out that the spectral analysis required for studying matrices of GI/M/1 type is much more sophisticated than that for matrices of M/G/1 type. Finally, we discuss connections of expressions for the β-invariant measure provided in this paper and in the literature.