冲突法视角下的跨境产品责任侵权

在涉外产品责任冲突规范的连接因素上,国际条约与我国国际私法立法都出现了引人瞩目的新发展。在对弱者利益的倾斜保护、意思自治与最密切联系原则的调和、当事人属人法的立场抉择、强制性规定的优先适用等方面,我国充分借鉴欧盟《罗马条例Ⅱ》及海牙《产品责任法律适用公约》的法理命脉。在当下我国《涉外民事关系法律适用法》已设定产品责任准据法的前提下,须在具体个案基础上反思中国国际私法视角下的产品责任侵权问题。     

The recalcitrance of distance: exploring the infrastructures of sending in migrants’ lives

This paper puts the spatiality of migration, and more specifically post-migration connections, centre stage. It explores the distances confronted by migrants as they stay connected with their pre-migration lives, recognising that these distances are recalcitrant, asymmetrically governed spaces. Indeed, migrants can be understood as experts in the navigation of international space and ‘the tyranny of distance’. Inspired by recent work on urban and translocal infrastructures and taking the empirical example of migration infrastructures in the lives of Poles and Zimbabweans in the UK, looking particularly at the materiality and logistics of sending things back, this paper builds new discussions about migration which take the spatial, physical and grounded elements of migration and translocalism more seriously.     

Policing gender mobilities: interrogating the ‘feminisation of migration’ to Europe

This article proposes a gendered critique of the European Neighbourhood Policy, a framework that, amongst other things, aims to facilitate the mobility of migrants to the EU from the bordering countries. We highlight the ambivalences of European gender and migration regimes, and we take issue with the celebration of the ‘feminisation of migration’. The former fails to offer opportunities to women to safely embark on autonomous migratory projects, the latter contributes to reproduce traditional gender biases in the countries of origin as well as of destination. We conclude by suggesting that the EU critique to emigration countries for failing to tackle women’s discrimination is less than persuasive when assessed vis-á-vis with the curtailment on women’s independent mobility across European borders.     

文化因素对人口流动的长期影响：基于中国历史经验的实证分析

文化差异作为解释移民活动的决定因素已不是一个新的视角，然而截至目前,学界尚未对两者之间的量化因果关系进行过讨论。本文利用中国历史上的移民数据，采用新的文化差异度量指标（姓氏基因距离）来揭示地区间文化差异对移民活动的因果影响。研究发现：采用姓氏基因距离度量的地区间文化差异对移民行为具有较强的负向影响，即移民数量随着文化差异的缩小而增加，并且即使控制其他经济、地理等因素以及采用工具变量法进行两阶段回归，该结果依然稳健。本文不仅为理解文化差异与移民行为之间的关系提供了扎实的实证证据，同时也对理解中国自10世纪以来的移民特征及其决定因素有所贡献。     

Tracking rural-to-urban migration in China: Lessons from the 2005 inter-census population survey

We examined migration in China using the 2005 inter-census population survey, in which migrants were registered at both their place of original (hukou) residence and at their destination. We find evidence that the estimated number of internal migrants in China is extremely sensitive to the enumeration method. We estimate that the traditional destination-based survey method fails to account for more than a third of migrants found using comparable origin-based methods. The ‘missing’ migrants are disproportionately young, male, and holders of rural hukou. We find that origin-based methods are more effective at capturing migrants who travel short distances for short periods, whereas destination-based methods are more effective when entire households have migrated and no remaining family members are located at the hukou location. We conclude with a set of policy recommendations for the design of population surveys in countries with large migrant populations.     

Migrant associations: the Spanish transatlantic experience, 1870–1970

This article offers some historiographical, theoretical and methodological reflections on Spanish migrant associationism in several countries (mainly, Latin America) during the period of mass migration that began in the 1870s and continued until the 1970s, which might also be extrapolated to other European cases. The discussion starts with a review of the literature on migrant associations in Iberian migration studies. Some of the limitations inherent in migrant associations as objects of study are then considered and problem areas that remain relatively unexplored are highlighted alongside a comparison with those approaches that are used in the analysis of other European immigrant groups in the USA and Latin America. Finally the article discusses the interaction of migrant elites, ordinary immigrants’ necessities and the influence of the host societies. The conclusions insist on the fact that associationism can offer an informative kaleidoscope through which to examine immigrant collectives, not just organized communities. Appropriate use of the sources produced by associations can shed light on settlement patterns, socio-professional composition, the social origin of elites, rootedness or image in the host country and the comparative history of migration.     

清代乌江流域的移民活动及其对民族关系的影响

有清一代,由于内地人口突增,人多地少现象严重,而地处西南边陲的乌江流域则因地广人稀且资源丰富,大量内地汉族移民于是陆续进入该地,或从军,或垦荒,或开矿,或经商,其中大部分人最终定居下来。他们既带来了内地先进的生产技术,又为边境增加了大量的劳动人手。他们不仅为开发乌江流域付出了艰辛的努力,而且对乌江流域地区的民族关系产生了深远影响。     

非零偏移距DSR叠前深度偏移

提出了非零偏移距域双平方根算子的叠前深度偏移法,该方法根据不同速度模型,通过精确正演模型数据,利用双平方根方程进行偏移,实现了偏移成像和动力学特性研究。研究认为：采用中点-半偏移距域的双平方根算子的叠前深度偏移方法,能够适应横向速度变化,具有精度高、无频散、背景噪声弱、耗时短等优点。对岩性油气藏勘探有重要意义。     

蠡县斜坡中南部油气分布与成藏模式研究

蠡县斜坡中南部勘探程度相对较低,对已知油藏的油气富集规律和成藏模式认识不清,以往认为该区主要以“阶梯式”运移成藏模式为主,但与实际油藏的分布存在矛盾。经过对斜坡中南部的断层活动期次和沉积体系的研究,认为该区垂向输导受晚盛晚衰断层的控制,为连通砂体提供了油气侧向输导途径。综合分析已知油藏的分布并进行油源对比研究,可以得出斜坡中南部的成藏模式具双油源、长距离、多层位、浅层平行运聚的特点。根据这一特点指明了下一步滚动勘探的方向和思路,即“立足找浅层,地震寻构造,精细画岩性”。     

20世纪上半叶美国科技人才资源与人才环境管窥

进入20世纪后,特别是经过两次世界大战,美国研究型大学迅速崛起,由联邦政府主导的国家科技体制逐渐形成并不断完善,人才培养环境也不断优化;同时,美国形成和完善了开放的人才制度,面向全球人才敞开移民、留学与就业之门,主动吸收和网罗全球的科学精英人才,不断享受到国际人才流入带来的巨大效益,荟萃了包括出生于本土以及来自于其他国家的最为庞大的世界一流科学家群体,成为世界公认的高等教育中心和科技中心。20世纪上半叶美国对科技人才的培育、对外来人才的吸收之成功经验,对我国新时代的科技发展和人才培养都不乏借鉴和启示意义。