Do Drivers of Small Cars Take Less Risk in Everyday Driving?

Previously reported observed data on risky everyday driving are brought together and reanalyzed in order to focus on the relation between risky driving and the size of the car being driven, as indicated by car mass. The measures of risky driving include separation between vehicles in heavy freeway traffic and speed on a two lane road. Observed seat belt use provides a third measure of driver risk. Confounding effects arising from the observed association between car mass and driver age are taken into account by segmenting the data into three driver age groups. Driver risk taking is found to increase with increasing car mass for each of these three aspects of everyday driving. The implications of these results with respect to driver fatality rates are discussed in terms of a simple model relating observed risky driving to the likelihood of involvement in a severe crash.     

低磁场回旋速调管的空间电荷效应

本文建立了考虑直流空间电荷效应和交流空间电荷效应的低磁场(大回旋半经)回旋速调管扰动理论。在漂移区中考虑直流空间电荷场的影响。我们发现电子运动在该区服从一振荡方程;进一步在输出腔中计及了交流空间电荷场对注一波换能的影响。文中求得了相应的电子群聚、注一波互作用功率及增益的表达式,并进行了讨论。     

磁载TiO_2光催化剂的进展

磁载光催化剂是一类具有磁响应特性的光催化剂,它不仅具有比较高的催化活性,在外加磁场作用下,容易分离回收。本文综述了近年来磁载光催化剂研究进展状况,同时提出了磁载光催化剂研究目前的热点和发展趋势。     

重载铁路圆柱形桥墩横向振动试验研究

随着我国既有铁路扩能运输的实施,运营列车的轴重以及载运量逐步增加给圆柱形桥墩带来了越来越严重影响,如墩顶横向振幅过大、冲击振动加剧等,严重影响了铁路桥梁的安全运营。以朔黄铁路圆柱形桥墩为研究对象,理论结合试验分析其加固前后在列车荷载增大的情况下桥墩的横向动力特性,研究不同运营列车作用下桥墩横向振动的规律,评价分析该圆柱形桥墩加固效果,为重载铁路圆柱形桥墩的加固研究和维护管理提供科学依据。     

也谈电磁感应定律的表述与“通量法则”的反例问题

本文从电磁场基本原理出发表述电磁感应定律，对于“通量法则”构造回路的问题，指出也要紧扣基本原理进行分析，进而提出在一些典型例子中构造回路的不同意见。     

网络时代的成本管理

网络时代企业经济运作信息化、智能化、融业化、个性化的特征 ,对传统成本管理造成了极大的影响 ,因而探讨网络时代成本管理的基本特征具有深刻的现实意义     

Estimation of relaxation time distributions in magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging techniques can be used to measure some biophysical properties of tissue. In this context, the T₂ relaxation time is an important parameter for soft‐tissue contrast. The authors develop a new technique to estimate the integral of the distribution of T₂ relaxation time without imposing any constraint other than the monotonicity of the underlying cumulative relaxation time distribution. They explore the properties of the estimation and its applications for the analysis of breast tissue data. As they show, an extension of linear discriminant analysis is found to distinguish well between two classes of breast tissue.     

超导复合线内的交流磁滞损耗

超导技术应用中最大的障碍之一就是交流磁滞损耗．文中分析了交变磁场与传输电流不同相时，扁带超导体内的磁场分布情况。根据比恩和基姆模型，建立起等效的磁场分布模型，导出了单位长度的平均磁滞损耗．并给出了磁滞损耗随位相差变化的规律．     

电磁-温度耦合条件下推力磁轴承涡流损耗分析

针对一类以实心推力盘为主要热源的电磁轴承转子系统，研究了电磁-温度耦合条件下从线圈加电到稳定运行整个过程中的电磁场，给出了电磁场涡流损耗的解析计算方法．通过将实例的计算结果与有限元方法及实验结果对比表明，采用该解析计算方法可简单、快捷及准确地解决系统初步设计时的参数选定问题．     

巨磁电阻效应的非接触光学表征方法研究

根据自平均极限模型推导了在巨磁电阻薄膜中折射系数与自旋非对称因子的关系。用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪组建了磁折射效应测试装置,并测试了自旋阀多层薄膜(Si/PtMn/CoFe/Ru/CoFe/Cu/Co/NiFe)的磁折射效应。结果表明:在红外波段,可以用磁折射效应表征巨磁电阻效应。