博士生教育中几个问题的实践与探讨

在结合我校发展博士研究生教育工作的基础上,分析了我国现阶段在博士生招生工作中出现的“生源匮乏”的现象及其原因,肯定了现阶段实行“硕一博连续”、“提前攻博”等新举措的做法;分析了目前我国在博士生培养管理制度上存在的一些弊端,提出建立健全相对完善且具有竞争意识和激励机制的研究生培养管理制度,为优秀人才的脱颖而出创造一个奋发向上的良好环境,对提高博士生的培养质量来说,具有举足轻重的作用;简要阐述了博士生教育与学科建设之间的相互依赖关系及学科建设在如何促进博士研究生教育方面的发展方向.     

Conditional quantile estimation with auxiliary information for left-truncated and dependent data

In this paper, the empirical likelihood method is used to define a new estimator of conditional quantile in the presence of auxiliary information for the left-truncation model. The asymptotic normality of the estimator is established when the data exhibit some kind of dependence. It is assumed that the lifetime observations with multivariate covariates form a stationary α‐mixing sequence. The result shows that the asymptotic variance of the proposed estimator is not larger than that of standard kernel estimator. Finite sample behavior of the estimator is investigated via simulations too.     

“It's Just a Likelihood”: Uncertainty as Topic and Resource in Conveying “Positive” Results in an Antenatal Screening Clinic

The recognition of uncertainty as a pivotal issue for the sociology of medicine is longstanding. More recently, the widespread integration of new medical technologies into healthcare has led to a renewed analytic focus on uncertainty. However, there remains little work on the interactional manifestations of uncertainty. This article uses conversation analysis to examine how uncertainty is introduced and used in one specific setting: an antenatal screening clinic in Hong Kong. We focus on women who have received “screen positive” or higher risk results, and reflect on the ways in which uncertainty is an “essential tension” (Mazeland and ten Have 1996) in the activity of conveying these results to them. We conclude that as well as posing potential difficulties for interaction, the uncertainty of test results is also used here as an interactional resource in managing the institutionally defined category of “high risk.”     

Substitution and spill-overs between early exit pathways in times of extending working lives in Europe

This article investigates to what extent instrument substitution between early exit pathways took place in Europe between 1995 and 2015. Using Eurostat aggregate data on labour market inactivity and employment rates among the population aged 55–64 in 19 European countries, we analyse substitution effects between pathways and overall spill-over effects into non-employment. In spite of a strong decline in early exit and rises in older workers’ employment rates, findings suggest that instrument substitution was common especially between early retirement and disability. Reductions in early exit coincided with considerable spill-overs into non-employment, yet these spill-overs were limited when pathways contracted simultaneously.     

Robustness of R-Chart to Non Normality

This study addresses the appropriate d ₃ values for constructing range control charts (R-charts) when the distributions of the processes are the uniform, triangular, exponential, and Erlang. Comparisons of the range charts are based on Type I error probabilities obtained using simulations. The results reveal that inappropriate use of the d ₃ values strongly affected the performance of the R-charts. Practitioners should be more careful in selecting suitable coefficients when using R-charts methods to process data. The distribution of the processes must be examined before the coefficients are chosen.     

Some Utilizations of Lambert W Function in Distribution Theory

We introduce a new class of positive infinitely divisible probability laws calling them 𝔏_γ distributions. Their cumulant-generating functions (cgf) are expressed in terms of the principal branch of the Lambert W function. The probability density functions (pdfs) of 𝔏_γ laws are bounded resembling pdf of a Lévy stable distribution. The exponential dispersion model constructed starting from an 𝔏_γ distribution admits the inverse Gaussian approximation. The natural exponential family constructed starting from an 𝔏_γ distribution constitutes the reciprocal of the natural exponential family generated by a spectrally negative stable law with α = 1. We derive new results on 𝔏_γ laws and the related exponential dispersion models, including their convolution and scaling closure properties. We generate another exponential dispersion model starting from an exponentially compounded 𝔏_γ law. This distribution emerges in the Poisson mixture representation of a generalized Poisson law. We extend the Poisson approximation for the scaled Neyman type A exponential dispersion model. We derive saddlepoint-type approximations for some of these exponential dispersion models. The role of the Lambert W function is emphasized.     

On Semiparametric Testing of I(d) by FEXP Models

To statistically test the assumption that a scalar-valued process is I(d), this article proposes a test statistic based on a broadband semiparametric method by use of fractional exponential (FEXP) models. The test is semiparametric in terms of flexibility in modeling spectral density. We establish the asymptotic behavior and report finite-sample performance by a Monte Carlo study.     

小康社会目标与我国供求走势分析

党的十六大的正确引导将促进小康社会目标的实现 ,同时小康社会目标的实现又将推动我国社会总需求和总供给的稳定增长     

奥斯威辛后的写作——论格拉斯的美学思想

德国作家格拉斯强调自己既是作家也是公民,他把参与和批判视为自己的社会使命。在他看来,作家作为"同时代人",应当抵抗占主导地位的"时代精神";这基于他对荒诞现实的认识。他不断努力拓宽的现实主义概念,试图把下意识、想象、梦幻、虚构这些常被看做空幻的东西引入认识视野。他认为神话和童话具有某种领悟真实的创造性维度,能在碎片中亦即被打碎的真实中重建过去、现在和未来之间的关联。     

一些英语字母的根表意

西方分析文化及其背后的演绎逻辑和归纳逻辑,让我们可以根据英语单词的定义,不仅推论出英语字母的根表意,而且推论出英语单词背后所隐含的图画.鉴于文献[1]所揭示的一些英语字母的根表意不够完备、或存在一些错误,本文系统地揭示出字母l,h,c,k,b,p,d,q,e,X和Y的根表意.笔者认为:西方人的线性思维方式决定了字母l可以表示任何人或事物(anybody/anything),这是揭示其他10个英语字母根表意的关键,因为字母l是其他10个英语字母的基本构成元素.