Long-Term Care for Elder Women in Spain: Advances and Limitations

In Spain, elder women are the largest group in need of long-term care. Significant improvements in this issue took place between 2007 and 2011, thanks to the Dependency Law (2006). But severe limitations showed the difficulty of overcoming the historical backwardness of Spanish social policy. This article describes the situation of Spanish people with dependency in activities of daily living. It analyzes changes driven by this law, especially in their impacts on elder women. It assesses the extent to which those changes can alter the traditional model of care. There are three major findings: First, measures promoted by the law have improved the previous situation but are incapable of developing a new model. Care for elders still relies on family, with lack of professionalism, little socialization, and expanding commodification. Second, the current care model is fundamentally detrimental to older women and women caregivers. Third, this kind of model hinders the overcoming of gender inequalities in intrafamily, generational, and social relations.     

“日常生活批判”及其“再批判”

20世纪90年代兴起的“日常生活批判理论”有助于清除现代化的文化阻滞力并推动人的现代化进程。然而,其“日常生活批判理论”却是以现代化合理性和合法性为前提依据的。现代主义并没有实现对传统文化的积极扬弃,以至于产生了“现代性焦虑”和意义生活的丧失。现代日常生活世界的生存论转向有利于从微观领域颠覆现代主义的文化霸权。因此,应在现代日常生活世界中对“日常性”和“非日常性”进行双重批判,以建构一种能够不断自反的现代性。     

陕北绥德方言的疑问代词

对陕北绥德方言疑问代词进行较为详细的描写和说明。在说明分析中,一方面通过与周围晋语及西北方言作横向比较,显其异同;另一方面对其中一些用法及现象追本溯源,明其来源及发展变化。     

The Physical Housing Environment and Subjective Well-Being Among Older People Using Long-Term Care Services in Japan

Abstract

For older people using long-term care services, the conditions of their life-space may be critical. The relationships between the physical housing environment and aspects of health were examined among older people in Japan (aged 65+ years, N?=?1,928) by multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Lack of safety, low access to emergency assistance, low or high indoor temperature, poor sanitary conditions, and state of home disrepair were significantly associated with negative aspects of health among people with low activities of daily living (ADL) independence. Home care service providers and policymakers need to consider the importance of appropriate environmental conditions for the most vulnerable groups.     

The Mobility of Elderly Residents Living in Suburban Territories

Abstract

Many authors have observed die elders' unanimous aspirations to age in place. Such residential aspirations echo theoretical concepts such as “environmental-fit.” Aging residents adapt to their residential environment according to their autonomy level, their financial and social resources, as well as the meanings they invest in both residential situations and lifestyle (Lord, 2004; Wagnild, 2001). Therefore, the suburbs constitute a challenge for aging residents' intentions to remain in their home for as long as possible. These low-density environments encourage car dependency for almost every daily activity. In that regard, many studies have investigated the daily mobility patterns of elders living in such areas. However, most of them have focused on aspects linked to transportation and driving security (Rosenbloom, 2003). In this context, with a socio-anthropological (in-depth interviews) method, the elders' daily mobility is explored in a complex layering of issues. Two interdisciplinary qualitative researches on the daily and residential mobility of elderly suburbanites have been used: a group living in Quebec City's Post-War suburbs in Canada (n = 56) and another in Marseille's periurban suburbs in France (n = 36). The results show that we must investigate beyond the elders' “emotional attachment”to their “home” in order to explain the everyday tensions underlying accessibility and daily mobility. Aging in a single-family house is more than a deliberate choice. Moving away from one's neighborhood is considered a last resort alternative by the majority. Instead, the elderly from both milieus will adapt their lifestyles to the environment by redesigning their daily activities and their mobility practices in order to age in place. Therefore, adapting daily mobility practices to social interactions and social representations all become a sine qua nonecondition.     

Time Use and Well-Being in Older Widows: Adaptation and Resilience

Research on widowhood mostly emphasizes negative outcomes, but some studies suggest widows are resilient. This study evaluated the in-depth daily experiences of older widows compared to married women. Participants included 75 widows and 125 married women from the National Study of Daily Experiences II, who completed daily diaries over 8 days. For long-term widows, there were no differences compared to married women in daily and general well-being, and a few differences in time use. Results add to the literature by using daily diary data to illustrate the general resilience of older women many years after the death of a spouse.     

论“○”与“0”的起源、演变及功能

"○"与"0"是两个不同的数字符号。关于它们的起源与演变、功能与用途以及用法差异等学术界存在着分歧。"○"是一种汉字,它的起源地在中国;"0"是印度数码,最先由印度人创造。虽然"○"与"0"在符号的创造上是极其相似的,但它们仍然是泾渭分明的两个数字符号,不能等同与混淆。     

儿子和女儿对高龄老人日常照料的比较研究

本文利用2002年中国老年人健康长寿调查数据,对比分析了在家庭中居住的高龄老人由儿子或女儿提供日常照料的可能性。研究发现,高龄老人的日常照料中存在明显的性别差异,高龄老年人有接受来自同性别子女帮助的倾向。     

我国老年人健康自评影响因素分析

健康自评是研究对象对自身健康的主观感受,是调查中经常运用的变量。健康自评能够反映健康状态的主观和客观两个方面,因此健康自评可以作为评价老年人健康状况的一个重要指标。采用2002年全国老年调查数据,做不同老年人群体的健康自评的差异性分析并进一步探究影响因素。旨在回答我国老年人健康自评的影响因素,对老年人自身和政策制定者提供参考依据。健康的生活方式对健康自评有积极的影响,身体的健康和健康自评有很强的相关性,老年人的社会人口学特征对健康自评影响十分有限。     

“otherwise”在法律英语文本中的用法和译法

法律英语由于其自身严密性、准确性等特点,形成了一些固定的程式化句式。otherwise作为一个常用词,它与其他词汇一起形成一些固定的句式结构。经过长期的翻译实践,这些句式结构在汉语中也有一些固定的结构与之相对应。