企业生态质量控制评价指标体系研究

生态质量管理理念的产生是可持续发展理论向质量管理理论渗透的结果。在介绍生态质量管理理念产生的基础上,提出从环境、顾客生态满意度、职业安全健康和企业生存能力四个方面评价企业的生态质量管理,并设计了相应的指标体系。     

医疗消费的经济学探讨

医疗消费是一个倍受大众关注的特殊的社会行为 ,关于如何正确认识与看待这一问题 ,理论界尚未展开更深入的研究。为此 ,从经济学的角度来探讨医疗消费这个关系到每个人切身利益的问题 ,并浅析公费医疗在市场经济条件下的不合理性 ,是十分必要的。     

关于汉字结构中字核的研究

通过对两组汉字的研究,发现汉字的结构中存在一个核心———字核,它具有简化汉字结构、沟通若干汉字的桥梁作用。据此,笔者提出在汉字的结构中普遍存在字核的假设,再依此假设对《辞海》的全部汉字(14872个)进行了系统研究。研究发现其中的14582个汉字的结构中存在字核,占被研究汉字总数的98%以上。全部汉字中共有字核900余个,列于字核总表中。结果表明:字核在汉字结构中客观而普遍的存在,它具有简化汉字结构、沟通同一字核的若干汉字联系的桥梁作用。     

论高等学校科技工作的地位与作用

高等学校科技工作具有培养社会所需的高水平的现代人才、催生科技成果的双重职能作用。因此 ,正确处理教学与科技工作的关系 ,确立科技发展的观念 ,对高校建设发展具有非常重要的意义     

Uncertainty Analysis for Computer Model Projections of Hurricane Losses

Projecting losses associated with hurricanes is a complex and difficult undertaking that is wrought with uncertainties. Hurricane Charley, which struck southwest Florida on August 13, 2004, illustrates the uncertainty of forecasting damages from these storms. Due to shifts in the track and the rapid intensification of the storm, real-time estimates grew from 2 to 3 billion dollars in losses late on August 12 to a peak of 50 billion dollars for a brief time as the storm appeared to be headed for the Tampa Bay area. The storm hit the resort areas of Charlotte Harbor near Punta Gorda and then went on to Orlando in the central part of the state, with early poststorm estimates converging on a damage estimate in the 28 to 31 billion dollars range. Comparable damage to central Florida had not been seen since Hurricane Donna in 1960. The Florida Commission on Hurricane Loss Projection Methodology (FCHLPM) has recognized the role of computer models in projecting losses from hurricanes. The FCHLPM established a professional team to perform onsite (confidential) audits of computer models developed by several different companies in the United States that seek to have their models approved for use in insurance rate filings in Florida. The team's members represent the fields of actuarial science, computer science, meteorology, statistics, and wind and structural engineering. An important part of the auditing process requires uncertainty and sensitivity analyses to be performed with the applicant's proprietary model. To influence future such analyses, an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis has been completed for loss projections arising from use of a Holland B parameter hurricane wind field model. Uncertainty analysis quantifies the expected percentage reduction in the uncertainty of wind speed and loss that is attributable to each of the input variables.     

合作型研发项目的研究范式探微——以人类基因组计划为例

人类基因组计划是一项国际大科学计划,其科学价值和经济价值不言而喻,更重要的是它突破了原有的研究框架,以一种系统的方法论理念和战略思维方式,开创了全新的研究范式。作为21世纪科学研究的前沿和富有挑战性的重大课题,人类基因组计划的研究范式代表了今后日趋复杂的科学技术项目研究的趋势,对此进行研究具有非常重要的意义。     

现代新闻学的创始人——戈公振论

戈公振是中国现代新闻学的创始人与泰斗,他是新闻事业的践行者,中国新闻学的早期研究者,新闻业史研究的拓荒者,新闻教育的倡导者,资产阶级新闻观点的批判者,新闻广告的推介者,新闻职业化的实践者,为中国现代新闻事业的发展作出了重要的历史贡献。     

湛江师院体育系毕业论文选题热点与走向

通过对湛江师范学院体育教育专业1998—2001届毕业论选题热点与今后走向的调查研究，反映当前体育教育专业毕业生的综合素质以及人才培养现状．旨在为进一步深化高等体育教育专业改革，构建厚基础、宽口径、形式多样，能适应知识经济时代，适应国家、社会、个人发展需要的现代课程体系和教学内容提供参考．     

论高校科研工作量化考核与其目标的矛盾

科研考核有别于一般的工作考核,大学科研考核的目标是为了提高科研水平和推进科研成果转化,目前量化考核方法与这一目标相矛盾,导致了急功近利、违背学术自由、损害基础研究等问题。考核方法要与目标一致,构建宽松和谐的学术评定环境、强化目标导向,实行分类考核和弹性考核周期。     

On Block Updating in Markov Random Field Models for Disease Mapping

Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) models are commonly used to model spatial correlation in disease mapping applications. For Bayesian inference by MCMC, so far mainly single-site updating algorithms have been considered. However, convergence and mixing properties of such algorithms can be extremely poor due to strong dependencies of parameters in the posterior distribution. In this paper, we propose various block sampling algorithms in order to improve the MCMC performance. The methodology is rather general, allows for non-standard full conditionals, and can be applied in a modular fashion in a large number of different scenarios. For illustration we consider three different applications: two formulations for spatial modelling of a single disease (with and without additional unstructured parameters respectively), and one formulation for the joint analysis of two diseases. The results indicate that the largest benefits are obtained if parameters and the corresponding hyperparameter are updated jointly in one large block. Implementation of such block algorithms is relatively easy using methods for fast sampling of Gaussian Markov random fields ( Rue, 2001 ). By comparison, Monte Carlo estimates based on single-site updating can be rather misleading, even for very long runs. Our results may have wider relevance for efficient MCMC simulation in hierarchical models with Markov random field components.