人民的美好生活需要在体面劳动中实现 ——马克思体面劳动观的当代解读

实现人民的美好生活需要,根本的就是实现劳动人民的美好生活需要。劳动人民通过劳动创造实现人民美好生活需要的物质基础,理应因此体面地活着。劳动本身是美好生活的重要内容,应保障劳动者体面地有劳动,即体面地就业。劳动者体面地而非痛苦地劳动是充分实现人的本质,实现美好生活的关键环节。在日常生活用语中,体面生活实际是美好生活的另一表达。马克思体面劳动观的基本内容与实现人民的美好生活需要的根本维度恰相对应,启示我们人民的美好生活需要在体面劳动中实现。     

明朝末年宜兴民变考论

宜兴民变发生在崇祯六年、七年,是宜兴下层民众自发反抗官绅勾结的一次大规模群体性抗争行为,持续时间较长,波及周边府县,影响较大。民变初期,官府采取镇压手段,直接导致事态恶化,而实行招抚政策后,使事件最终得以平定。这次民变不同于其他江南民变,没有生员参加,其组织者和参与者均为下层民众。《明史》等史料认为处理宜兴民变的巡按御史祁彪佳考核落职,是曾为民变时期内阁首辅周延儒的报复行为,但通过对周延儒与宜兴陈氏关系、致仕时间等问题的探讨,可以发现周延儒与祁彪佳落职一事并无多大联系。     

林东城的心学之路及思想特质

林东城作为泰州学派重要一员,其学行在继承发挥心斋、龙溪之学的同时,亦体现出自己的倾向性变化,愈益重视工夫,对现成良知表现出相当程度的批评。由于他身份地位的改变,逐渐背离了泰州学派平民儒学的主脉,成为泰州学派分化的代表人物之一。     

Filling a critical gap: measuring work policies that affect families globally

Work is a central element in most people's lives, and its adequacy and value cannot be measured by simple figures showing how many people have gained or lost jobs. Current measures of decent work are more comprehensive in terms of what matters to individuals, but deficient in their coverage of work policies that matter to families. In this article, we argue the importance and feasibility of measuring policies and laws that shape work quality, and in particular those that shape how work affects families on a global basis. We make the case that this policy area is especially critical under changing social conditions, and propose a manageable and feasible set of indicators permitting an assessment of the extent to which national labor policies facilitate the ability of working adults to meet the requirements of their jobs as well as the needs of their families. Methods are described and findings mapped for all UN countries in key areas including maternal leave, paternal leave, leave to care for children's health, leave to care for adult family members, and leave to meet other family needs.     

增加劳动报酬：实现体面劳动与尊严生活的关键——基于马克思劳动力价值理论的阐释

增加劳动报酬是实现体面劳动与尊严生活的关键,是马克思劳动力价值理论时代化的内在要求,也是构建和谐社会的应有之义。在市场经济条件下,企图撇开市场机制来增加劳动报酬是不符合市场经济体制改革的价值取向,最终也无法达到利益合理调整的目标。正确理顺政府与市场之间的关系,发挥政府配置资源＂公平＂之职责,是提高劳动者收入的重要环节。     

晚清士绅的文化权力与近代政治运动

士绅集团是影响晚清政治的一支举足轻重的文化及政治势力,其文化权力来源于科举制度下他们掌控儒家思想解释权的独特地位。晚清主要政治运动及其结果都可以从士绅争取文化权力的斗争中得到解释,如太平天国反孔的文化立场遭到了士绅的激烈抵制是其失败的深层次原因之一;晚清的自我改革运动由于侵犯了士绅的文化权力而遭到失败;近代乡村由于士绅势力的没落而导致乡村文化素质的普遍降低等。     

唐代忠孝问题探讨——以官僚士大夫阶层为中心

唐代对于官僚士大夫阶层在孝的方面有着完备的伦理要求、制度约束和行为规范 ,这一阶层在孝的实践上大多能做到“善事父母”。同时 ,唐人也重视为国建功立业 ,官员们力图做到忠孝两全。一旦忠孝不可兼得 ,他们可以依照不同的情况有所选择。忠先于孝 ,“死事一君”的忠节观念在唐代尚非主流认识。     

Decent work for sustainable development in post‐crisis Nepal: Social policy challenges and a way forward

Although the Decent Work agenda has received significant attention in the context of sustainable development, the formulation and implementation of appropriate social policies in developing countries remain an underexplored subject. This article responds to this gap and traces country‐specific Decent Work related policies and programs in Nepal—which is recovering from two major crises: a decade‐long armed conflict that ended in 2006 as well as the 2015 earthquake. Drawing on Critical Policy Analysis framework, this article examines how key tenets of the International Labour Organisation's Decent Work platform, namely creation and provision of employment, social protection, social dialogue and rights at work have manifested in Nepal. The findings indicate that while attempts have been made to embrace the Decent Work agenda into social policies and programs, structural instability of political processes means that there is a lack of strategic directions to address a capacity deficit specific to the informal sector and outbound labour migrants. The article makes broader analytical contributions towards evaluating the implementation of social policies driven by the global priority in the context of developing nations with weak governance settings. In countries like Nepal, where the majority of workers are located within the informal sector and as such the administrative reach and effectiveness of Decent Work related social policies designed for the formal sector are limited.     

Three scenarios for the future of work

After presenting a historical overview of the concept of work and the different meanings that it has acquired over the centuries, the author analyses the value it holds for Europeans, and the impact on work and employment of the popular rhetoric about a technological revolution and its “inevitable” consequences. She then considers the future of work in the light of three scenarios: a “dismantling of labour law”, a “technological revolution” (where automation brings an end to employment), and an “environmental transition”. She argues that the latter is compatible with the imperative to take action on climate change and the expectations placed in work and employment.     

由乱世之教育看九品中正制

九品中正制作为魏晋南北朝时期一种重要的选举制度,是由其特定的教育环境所决定的.曹魏之初,随着整体社会教育的衰微、门阀士族的形成,朝廷在与大族相妥协的情形下创立九品中正制;晋时,由于士族家学独盛,门第被无限夸大,九品中正制又独为士族所把持,将维护士族利益之功能发挥到了极点;南北朝时,君权回归、教育复兴、士族衰微,作为士族阶层把持选举工具的九品中正制便自然地退出历史舞台.纵观其演变历程,实是选举制度在乱世教育衰微情形之下的一种病态反映.