Inappropriate Comparisons: The LGB Population's Missing Reference Group

ABSTRACT

Given that many professional organizations emphasize the need for comparing assessment results to appropriate reference groups in their codes of ethics, we consider this practice through an ecological perspective as it applies to the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) population. The purpose of norming and types of assessment bias is discussed with respect to LGB population, which frequently lack specific norming data. The authors discuss whether the LGB population has characteristics similar to other commonly normed for groups and explore how group-shared constructs such as minority stress and internalized homophobia may introduce bias and affect the validity of assessments. A social anxiety assessment as well as a personality disorder inventory are examined for bias as case examples explaining how these assessments may exhibit bias when used with the LGB population. Increases in validity and effects on treatment planning are discussed as benefits of providing LGB-specific norms. Risks of providing these norms, such as minimizing subgroup differences and possibly increasing the risk of discrimination are also addressed before providing clinicians with recommendations as to how they may minimize the risk of bias in their assessment process.     

A class of exponential-type ratio estimators of a general parameter

This paper addresses the problem of estimating a general parameter using information on an auxiliary variable X. We have suggested a class of exponential-type ratio estimators for the parameter and its properties are studied. It is identified that the estimators due to Upadhyaya et al. [Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice (2011), 5(2), 285–302] and Yadav and Kadilar [Revista Columbiana de Estadistica, (2013), 36(1), 145–152] are members of the proposed estimator. We have also shown that the suggested estimator is more efficient than the estimators of Upadhyaya et al. (2011 Upadhyaya, L.N., Singh, H.P., Chatterjee, S., Yadav, R. (2011). Improved ratio and product exponential type estimators. J. Stat. Theo. Pract. 5 (2): 285–302.[Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) and Yadav and Kadilar (2013 Yadav, S.K., Kadilar, C. (2013). Improved exponential type ratio estimator of population variance. Revis. Colum. de Estadist. 36(1): 145–152. [Google Scholar]). Numerical illustration is provided in support of the present study.     

Feminine or feminist? Women’s media leadership

This paper presents a small-scale qualitative case study of five women’s experiences of leadership roles in Irish media industries. Relational Leadership Theory is used to examine whether there is a gendered dimension to women’s leadership and to explore why women’s participation in leadership has not resulted in significant feminist gains or changes to media organisations. The article finds that: the women saw their leadership as relational and simultaneously as socially constructed in a gendered manner. Moreover, the women led organisational change towards greater gender equality in the norms of media work. However, while the women’s leadership was relational and feminine, it was not necessarily feminist; it did not aim to generate systemic changes within the gendering of the media as an institution. The changes that the women wrought incorporated women into a system of production that remained nonetheless masculinist.     

论行政决策中的公众参与权

突破公众参与有效性瓶颈依赖于对公众参与权的依法确认、不断充实及有效保护。鉴于我国对公众参与权的研究比较迟缓、参与权制度发展仍然非常缓慢的现实困境,应当在准确界定公众参与权的性质、明确公众参与权的内容构成基础上,尽快构建起一系列具体的、可操作的法律制度,真正实现公众参与权的民主价值。     

司法裁判的行政决策模式——对中国法院“司法行政化”现象的重新考察

经过近十年的司法改革,中国法院始终没有摒弃那种通过行政审批来进行司法决策的惯常作法。这既造成审理权与裁判权的分离,也使得合议制度变得难以实施。这种司法裁判的行政审批机制之所以盛行不衰,首先是因为法院普遍存在着司法裁判职能与司法行政管理职能的混淆问题,使得具有较高行政级别的司法官员难以与普通法官平等地行使司法裁判权。另一个原因则是在现行司法程序中没有建立一种"通过诉权来制约司法裁判权"的机制,使得控辩双方无法对法官的裁判权产生有效的制约。     

试论公安决策民主化、科学化、法制化

公安决策是公安机关为履行其职能,针对预期目标所进行的方案设计、选择和实施活动的过程。目 前,我国公安机关决策存在一定的滞后性。发扬民主,充分调动决策参与者的积极性、创造性,建立完整科学的公安 决策体制,遵守科学的公安决策程序,并以法律规范决策行为是实现公安科学管理的必由之路。     

高等学校专业设置工作刍议

当前,在大规模扩招和扩大办学自主权的背景下,高等学校专业设置的重要性越来越凸现。为切实做好高等学校的专业设置工作,避免盲目性与随意性,需要转变观念,充分论证,组织力量进行“前端设计”;加强科学性与民主性的决策,充分发挥学术权力作用,并正确运用行政权力;同时,在按设计方案进行操作中,要以专业设置工作贯穿于其它各项工作之中进行。     

学前儿童性别教育的研究现状及其启示

学前儿童性别教育的有关研究表明,社会上还存在着根深蒂固的性别歧视和性别偏见,身处特定环境中的学前教育教师以及图画书、教学媒体等仍然带有较强的性别歧视和性别偏见等性别刻板印记。为此,国家需要在学前儿童性别教育研究的基础上重视学前教育阶段的性别平等教育,制定相关的政策,建立性别教育的终身教育体系,构建教师性别平等教育的培训网络平台,以现代性别教育理念为指导,基于对儿童生理差异的尊重,设计出适合学前儿童身心发展特点的性别教育课程,全面有效地实施性别平等教育。     

论公民、法律之间的“熟人关系”的建立

司法判决是联系公民和法律的桥梁,公民通过司法判决来认识法律。提高司法艺术,坚持司法公正,将法律的要求通过司法判决完整地展现给公民,实现"内在观点"与"外在观点"的统一,法律就不是仅仅从外在观点来看的不具有确定性的"预测论",而是从内在观点来看的具有确定性的"义务论",如此才能建立公民和法律之间稳定的"熟人关系",法律权威在这种"熟人关系"中才有牢固的根基。     

新零售时代零售商主导的双渠道供应链线上线下服务水平决策——基于Hotelling模型

随着以消费者体验为中心的新零售的深入发展,零售商更加关注客户在整个消费过程中的综合服务体验,迫切需要围绕消费者需求设计科学的服务水平策略。基于Hotelling模型,构建由制造商、线上零售商、线下零售商以及物流服务商组成的双渠道供应链,结合双渠道的特点,将线上、线下服务水平及物流服务价格等同时引入供应链,研究分散决策以及局部合作决策两种模式下的最优服务水平决策等。研究表明:两种决策模式下,单位距离成本对物流服务水平以及线下综合体验服务水平具有负向影响,因此,线下零售商应科学选址,缩短与消费者之间的时间距离;当消费者的线上线下价格敏感系数之差增大时,线上渠道的市场份额及利润水平下滑,而线下渠道恰恰相反。因此,不同渠道的决策主体应采取差异化的市场定位策略。分散决策时整个供应链的物流服务水平小于线下综合体验服务水平,而线上零售商的合作策略可进一步提高其市场份额及物流服务水平,但不影响整个供应链的线下综合体验服务水平。因此,线上零售商和物流服务商应采取合作策略。