Does Iconicity in Pictographs Matter? The Influence of Iconicity and Numeracy on Information Processing,Decision Making,and Liking in an Eye‐Tracking Study

Researchers recommend the use of pictographs in medical risk communication to improve people's risk comprehension and decision making. However, it is not yet clear whether the iconicity used in pictographs to convey risk information influences individuals’ information processing and comprehension. In an eye‐tracking experiment with participants from the general population (N = 188), we examined whether specific types of pictograph icons influence the processing strategy viewers use to extract numerical information. In addition, we examined the effect of iconicity and numeracy on probability estimation, recall, and icon liking. This experiment used a 2 (iconicity: blocks vs. restroom icons) × 2 (scenario: medical vs. nonmedical) between‐subject design. Numeracy had a significant effect on information processing strategy, but we found no effect of iconicity or scenario. Results indicated that both icon types enabled high and low numerates to use their default way of processing and extracting the gist of the message from the pictorial risk communication format: high numerates counted icons, whereas low numerates used large‐area processing. There was no effect of iconicity in the probability estimation. However, people who saw restroom icons had a higher probability of correctly recalling the exact risk level. Iconicity had no effect on icon liking. Although the effects are small, our findings suggest that person‐like restroom icons in pictographs seem to have some advantages for risk communication. Specifically, in nonpersonalized prevention brochures, person‐like restroom icons may maintain reader motivation for processing the risk information.     

空间OLAP 技术研究

针对决策支持系统中空间数据可视化应用趋势,研究基于空间数据仓库的一种决策分析 工具———在线分析处理,通过改进空间数据立方体的物化视图选择方法,并进行了实例分析, 验证该方法的有效性和优越性,更好地解决空间OLAP 响应时间延迟问题. 进而扩展空间OLAP 应用模型和模式,实现更加完备、灵活的空间OLAP 操作功能.     

Asymmetries in Information Processing in a Decision Theory Framework

Research in psychology suggests that some individuals are more sensitive to positive than to negative information while others are more sensitive to negative rather than positive information. I take these cognitive positive–negative asymmetries in information processing to a Bayesian decision-theory model and explore its consequences in terms of decisions and payoffs. I show that in monotone decision problems economic agents with more positive-responsive information structures are always better off, ex ante, when they face problems where payoffs are relatively more sensitive to the action chosen when the state of nature is favorable.      

浅谈社会发展的双重结构模式

探索适合于研究发展中国家的社会结构模式 ,从而突破单一结构模式的现代化理论的局限性是本文的主旨。运用分析和比较的方法 ,指出社会结构具有多重性、多层次性 ,发展中国家的社会结构具有独特性。发展中国家只有形成社会表层结构与社会深层结构良性互动的模式 ,才能保持结构张力 ,焕发社会活力 ,促进社会发展。     

通俗与先锋孪生 批判与冥想交织——《雷雨》戏剧形态的丰富性

《雷雨》是中国现代话剧走向成熟的标志。它之成为经典,其中一个重要因素在于其戏剧形态的丰富性。既具备通俗剧的诸多要素,又是一个深刻的社会问题剧和带有较强的探索性的先锋剧。通俗剧层面,为该剧提供了"看点";问题剧层面,使该剧具备了现实"批判"的功能;先锋剧层面,则使该剧带有某种形而上"冥想"性质。三个层面交织在一起,共同营造了《雷雨》具有宏阔幽邃景深的戏剧世界。     

综合性运动会电脑服务系统的设计与应用

介绍了在四川省第六届运动会上首次使用我们研制的中小型运动会实时处理和综合服务系统及其系统组成、功能特点及应用实况.该系统的主要特点是可靠性高、实时性好、功能强全、操作简便和经济实用.     

美在深情——《世说新语》自然审美的意蕴

魏晋时期特殊的政治文化和哲学背景,唤起了魏晋士人的审美自觉,使魏晋士人对自然审美的欣赏走向神、情、气、韵的深处。自然成为魏晋士人生命意识、隐逸意识与悲情意识的审美载体。     

智能化仪表传感器非线性校正的实现

本文描述了传感器非线性特性预处理的方法．实践证明该方法适用于标准或非标准特殊传感器，处理结果使智能型仪表的测试精度有显著提高．     

新鲜鱿鱼超高压杀菌工艺试验

为确定新鲜鱿鱼超高压杀菌工艺的最佳工艺参数,以杀菌压力、保压时间、漂烫温度为条件,设计了新鲜鱿鱼超 高压杀菌试验。试验结果表明,90℃漂烫10 min,在400 MPa压力下保压10 min,此为新鲜鱿鱼超高压杀菌的最佳工艺 条件。     

三点渐进式无模成形分析与数值模拟

渐进成形是一种金属板材快速无模成形方法。工具头挤压板材产生连续的局部变形,通过累积局部变形以达到整体成形。然而每一局部变形必然影响整体变形,所以对局部变形的控制就成为成形精度的关键。文章提出一种3点渐进式无模成形方法,可以很好的控制的局部变形。通过LS-DYNA模拟整个成形过程,并通过分析节点在成形过程中的位移变化,可以看出此方法对局部变形的控制效果,提高了成形精度。