论比较诗学的"比较"内涵

比较诗学的"比较"不仅仅是一种存同辨异的方法应用,而更多地凝结成一个整体的、理念的概念,它不仅仅代表一种比较的思维,更内化成一种人类的普遍心理倾向,一种高智慧的理论集成。     

胡克的宗教观评析

胡克是当代实用主义的重要代表人物,其宗教观集中体现在他对马利坦"完整的人道主义"的分析和批判中。从其"科学方法"出发,胡克认为,这种人道主义既不符合科学理性,又是极权主义的变种。然而,胡克的方法并不是真正的科学方法,这就决定了他无法有真正科学的宗教观。     

On Integrality, Stability and Composition of Dicycle Packings and Covers

Given a digraph D, the minimum integral dicycle cover problem (known also as the minimum feedback arc set problem) is to find a minimum set of arcs that intersects every dicycle; the maximum integral dicycle packing problem is to find a maximum set of pairwise arc disjoint dicycles. These two problems are NP-complete.Assume D has a 2-vertex cut. We show how to derive a minimum dicycle cover (a maximum dicycle packing) for D, by composing certain covers (packings) of the corresponding pieces. The composition of the covers is simple and was partially considered in the literature before. The main contribution of this paper is to the packing problem. Let be the value of a minimum integral dicycle cover, and * () the value of a maximum (integral) dicycle packing. We show that if = then a simple composition, similar to that of the covers, is valid for the packing problem. We use these compositions to extend an O(n³) (resp., O(n⁴)) algorithm for finding a minimum integral dicycle cover (resp., packing) from planar digraphs to K_3,3-free digraphs (i.e., digraphs not containing any subdivision of K_3,3).However, if , then such a simple composition for the packing problem is not valid. We show, that if the pieces satisfy, what we call, the stability property, then a simple composition does work. We prove that if = * holds for each piece, then the stability property holds as well. Further, we use the stability property to show that if = * holds for each piece, then = * holds for D as well.     

A Note on the Modified Likelihood Ratio Test for Homogeneity in Beta Mixture Models

This article presents a note on the modified likelihood ratio test for homogeneity in beta mixture models. Under consistency of the penalized maximum likelihood estimators, the limiting distribution of the test statistic converges to the chi-bar-squared distributions. The statistic degenerates to zero with a weight due to the negative definiteness of a complicated random matrix. The probability that this matrix is negative definite is related to the parameter values under the homogeneity hypothesis. The dependency pattern enables the introduction of an upper bound on the asymptotic null distribution. Simulation study is investigated to verify the accuracy of the results.     

指示性和限定性名词短语的前指照应比较

指示性名词短语和限定性名词短语在前指照应中虽然都用来前指上文中的先行词,但在使用中有各自的差异。文章就这两种前指的异同之处进行研究,对正确使用指示性描述和限定性描述也有借鉴作用。     

现代叙事艺术与海明威

1954年,瑞典皇家科学院以“精通现代叙事艺术”为由,授予海明威诺贝尔文学奖,这是对海明威叙事艺术的最高评价。这里的“叙述”并不仅指一些国内外海明威研究者一致公认的叙述简洁、明快、干净、利落、画面感强且精擅对话等技巧,而且包涵从叙述文本中的现象特征,或说从叙述学的角度而言海明威短篇小说的一些叙述艺术。本文将糅合视角、时况、人称等几个方面来阐述海明威短篇小说的叙述特征。     

绿色消费的生态伦理分析

绿色消费是20世纪后半叶兴起的一种可持续消费观念和消费行为。随着人类社会经济可持续发展战略的推进,绿色消费作为一种全新的消费理念,将引领21世纪全球消费模式。绿色消费的理论基础包括马克思和恩格斯关于人与自然的哲学观点、生态经济学、环境经济学、可持续发展观以及中国传统的天人合一观。     

On the identification of extreme outliers and dragon-kings mechanisms in the upper tail of income distribution

The presence of extreme outliers in the upper tail data of income distribution affects the Pareto tail modeling. A simulation study is carried out to compare the performance of three types of boxplot in the detection of extreme outliers for Pareto data, including standard boxplot, adjusted boxplot and generalized boxplot. It is found that the generalized boxplot is the best method for determining extreme outliers for Pareto distributed data. For the application, the generalized boxplot is utilized for determining the exreme outliers in the upper tail of Malaysian income distribution. In addition, for this data set, the confidence interval method is applied for examining the presence of dragon-kings, extreme outliers which are beyond the Pareto or power-laws distribution.     

The computation of standard normal distribution integral in any required precision based on reliability method

Based on reliability theory, the value of the standard normal distribution integral can be obtained by calculating the probability of the failure domain of the linear performance function. After the sample space is divided into some sub-sample spaces, a number of sub-failure domains are obtained. In the paper, the methods of computing the probabilities of sub-failure domains are discussed. All the formulae and the steps of computing the standard normal distribution integral which meet any required precision are given in the paper. Examples show that it is easy for the method to compute the standard normal distribution integral.     

Empirical characteristic function tests for GARCH innovation distribution using multipliers

Goodness-of-fit tests for the innovation distribution in GARCH models based on measuring deviations between the empirical characteristic function of the residuals and the characteristic function under the null hypothesis have been proposed in the literature. The asymptotic distributions of these test statistics depend on unknown quantities, so their null distributions are usually estimated through parametric bootstrap (PB). Although easy to implement, the PB can become very computationally expensive for large sample sizes, which is typically the case in applications of these models. This work proposes to approximate the null distribution through a weighted bootstrap. The procedure is studied both theoretically and numerically. Its asymptotic properties are similar to those of the PB, but, from a computational point of view, it is more efficient.