Intake strategies: organising the intake of new social assistance inquirers

This article looks at how the intake of new social assistance clients is organised in Sweden and which factors affect the existence of special intake units, using interview and register data from 100 Swedish municipalities. The discussion is organised along two distributional principles: that of general access for all citizens and that of social assistance only to those who are in need. The results show that different intake types can be distinguished: to promote or limit both access to the social assistance units and the possibility for selection among the callers. Examining factors that affect the organisation of intake in special intake units, the results show that factors related to the economic and demographic structure of the municipalities have no, or only in indirect, effect on the organisation of intake. Intake is instead mainly related to the structure of the whole social assistance unit. In addition, some factors related to professional norms have an impact.     

社会主体诉求变迁与意识形态建设——基于历史视角的分析

意识形态只有真正代表它所要代表的利益集团的利益诉求,并在实践上满足、实现它所代表的利益集团的利益诉求,意识形态建设才能取得实效性成果。深入考察可以发现,目前我国社会成员的利益诉求不管在内容上还是在实现方式上都较以往有了很大变化。意识形态建设必须依据社会成员利益诉求的这种变化,将单向性灌输模式转变为实践性建设模式,切实消除意识形态建设漂浮于、隔断于生活现实的缺陷。     

Work-family conflict among IT specialty workers in the US

Specialty workers are a source of critical, locally scarce technical skills. This study aimed to understand the experience of work-family conflict among specialty workers in the US by exploring the process of transitioning from working in their home countries to working in the US. While participants perceived initial difficulties in adapting to the new environment, over time, they experienced lower work-family conflict in the US compared to working in their own home countries. In their home countries, where work and family domains were considered separate and culturally defined boundaries separating these domains are rigidly maintained; these participants relied heavily on family support to manage work-family conflict. Moving to the US, where greater integration of work and family domains is prevalent, these participants managed work-family conflict by revisiting altered demands, accessing alternate organizational resources and learning new skills to create and maintain work-family boundaries. This study contributes to the nascent body of literature on work-family relations in the context of international migration by highlighting a specific case of Indian specialty workers who adopt different boundary-spanning strategies to manage work-family conflict in changed social and working conditions. In essence, participants managed work-family conflict by using enhanced autonomy to increase flexible working and accessing other resources such as supervisory support and organizational flexible working policies.     

Performance effects of MNC headquarters–subsidiary conflict and the role of boundary spanners: The case of headquarter initiative rejection

Recent research suggests that both the scholarly and the managerial perspectives on intra-organizational conflict in multinational corporations (MNC) between headquarters (HQ) and their foreign subsidiaries have changed. Today, conflict is not necessarily regarded as dysfunctional or the result of inefficient global integration. Instead, conflict is now considered a normal consequence of organizing and managing across national borders. This research advances the literature on HQ–subsidiary relationships by adding new insights to the Headquarters–subsidiary conflict discussion, especially in the so far under-researched case of headquarter initiative rejection by foreign subsidiaries. We specifically focus on subsidiary conflict negotiation tactics, the effects of organizational and individual managerial power, and the characteristics and roles of MNC managers that act as boundary spanners during intra-organizational conflict processes. A qualitative, iterative, multiphase research approach was used to develop new theory pertaining to the phenomenon. The results show that in the presence of boundary spanners, dysfunctional conflict is less common and better overall organizational performance can be achieved for both the subsidiary and the MNC as a whole. The results also indicate that the boundary spanning ability is only partly formalizable and that some MNCs are able to foster boundary spanners better than others.     

员工产生持续高绩效的条件——人力资源的三维匹配

工作岗位之间在工作内容、工作性质、工作环境以及工作要求上存在差异,而员工与员工之间在能力、兴趣和需求等方面也存在着客观差异。这就要求管理者在进行组织的人员配备时,既要做到能岗的匹配、兴趣与职业的匹配,也要做到员工的需求与员工所获得报酬的匹配。这既是员工产生持续高绩效的必要条件,也是员工与组织达到共赢的一个基本条件。     

商品开发中需求与技术二要因作用机制的探讨——基于朝日啤酒公司开发“超清爽啤酒“的案例

本文通过对朝日啤酒公司所开发的畅销商品-"超清爽啤酒"的案例分析,探讨商品开发过程中需求与技术两个要因的功能表现与相互作用机制.在商品开发中,需求是目标,技术是实现目标的手段,两者的有效结合形成畅销商品.在准确把握消费者需求后,怎样用适当技术将之具体化是商品开发最重要的环节.其方法是将需求特性翻译成相对应的技术分析值,然后作不同的组合试验,并不断对试制品进行市场测验和修改.为了更快地完成商品开发过程,有目的地进行一些研究探索和技术积累是很有必要的.     

收入差距与消费需求关系探讨

根据经济学有关消费理论的论述及对我国目前居民消费状况分析,说明高收入群体的消费倾向未必造成社会消费倾向递减、社会总消费水平下降,"劫富济贫"对增加消费需求没有显著帮助。指出我国目前消费需求不振的主要原因是居民总收入水平低;要使消费保持可持续增长的势头,必须扎扎实实全面推进小康社会建设,使普通群众生活富起来。     

现代教育技术条件下教师的角色定位思考

本文论述了现代教育技术对教学过程的影响,在现代教育技术条件下,教师对自身的角色应有一个全新的认识和定位。教师应该是学生学习的促进者,课程的设计者和开发者,教育问题的研究者,并且,教师在未来学习型社会中还应该是终身学习者。文中还提出了现代教育技术对教师素质的要求。探讨了提高教师现代教育技术素质的有效途径。     

民间审计地域特征研究——来自中国A股市场的证据

摘　　要:我国民间审计在恢复发展历程中,曾经造成了审计市场严重的地域割据现象。在上个世纪末,有关部门对此进行了大力整顿。时至今日,我国审计市场的地域结构如何？是什么因素影响公司选择本地还是外地事务所？本文使用我国A股上市公司数据,对此做了研究。一方面通过描述性统计,笔者认为我国当前会计师事务所的分布在地域上非常不均衡,东部经济发达地区占据了绝大部分;另一方面,通过Logit／Probit回归,我们分析了影响公司选择本地事务所的因素,笔者认为主要的影响因素是公司所在地的审计服务供给量和需求量,而公司自身特征与公司对事务所的地域选择行为无关     

Semi‐Nonparametric IV Estimation of Shape‐Invariant Engel Curves

This paper studies a shape‐invariant Engel curve system with endogenous total expenditure, in which the shape‐invariant specification involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled system of nonparametric Engel curves. We focus on the identification and estimation of both the nonparametric shapes of the Engel curves and the parametric specification of the demographic scaling parameters. The identification condition relates to the bounded completeness and the estimation procedure applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions, allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence rate for the nonparametric instrumental variable regression when the endogenous regressor could have unbounded support. Root‐n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of the parametric components are also given under a set of “low‐level” sufficient conditions. Our empirical application using the U.K. Family Expenditure Survey shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the nonparametric curvatures and the demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves.