构建人与自然生命共同体：全球气候治理难题的破解之道

全球气候变化关乎人类社会的可持续发展,合作治理是应然需求。然而,人类行为对气候的破坏、气候灾害的流动性增加了跨国治理难度,特别是受全球气候治理公共产品供给不足、全球气候治理体系领导力匮乏等因素影响,全球气候合作治理仍面临难题。面对新形势与新挑战,中国倡导构建人与自然生命共同体,为全球气候治理贡献了中国智慧,提供了破解全球气候合作治理难题的路径选择。作为全球气候治理的新理念、新思路,人与自然生命共同体主张坚持人与自然和谐共生、坚持以人为本、坚持多边治理、坚持实践导向,将推动各国以合作共赢为共同体意识,加快经济社会的全面绿色转型,积极承担节能减排主体责任,助推国际社会完善全球气候治理体系,维护国际气候公平正义,实现全球气候善治。     

“健康丝绸之路”构建的“政府—社会”复合路径

借鉴社会运动理论,可探索一种融合了政府自上而下和社会自下而上进程的“政府—社会”复合路径,以构建“健康丝绸之路”。社会运动理论的三种视角可为这种复合路径的具体实施与需要关注的环节带来重要启发：首先,当前新冠肺炎疫情的跨国传播暴露了全球公共卫生治理体系存在的严重不足,凸显出构建补充型国际卫生合作模式的必要性与紧迫性;其次,推进“健康丝绸之路”的构建,需要政府和社会层面的协作,将“一带一路”沿线国家的资源充分调动起来,形成优势互补与资源共享。与此同时,要推进健康话语体系的完善,如倡导和促进“人类卫生健康共同体”理念的传播,通过话语和心理共鸣等民心相通的途径,促使国际社会采取联合行动以共同应对全球公共卫生危机。     

按“知”分配何以可能？

我国高校教师薪酬在计划经济时期以平均分配为价值取向,在市场经济时期以效率为价值取向。在中国特色社会主义新时代和知识经济时期,鼓励知识创新和兑现知识价值成为新的取向。我国高校现行岗位绩效工资制度虽然将教师的实际贡献与薪酬分配联系了起来,但也存在薪酬结构缺陷、薪酬测量失真、薪酬激励偏移和薪酬调整滞后等问题。与岗位绩效工资相比,按“知”分配的3P-M薪酬模型改进了人力资本薪酬（P₁）,以补偿教师人力资本的前期投入、当期追加和后期增值;调整了岗位薪酬（P₂）,通过强化保障性薪酬以轧平薪酬曲线斜率;优化了绩效薪酬（P₃）,以解决教师多任务“委托—代理”的契约设计问题;新增了市场薪酬（M）,以补偿因内部薪酬总量不足给教师带来的潜在损失。其中,3P重在盘活存量,M重在扩充增量,两者共同构成了3+X薪酬体系。     

新编《镇海县志》序言

镇海自五代始即已建县,在县治的一千余年中,她的地名曾数度更改,她的土地更是有沧海桑田之变化。近代以来随着社会历史的发展,镇海又有了天翻地覆的变化。如今,镇海县境虽析为宁波市治下的镇海区和北仑区,但这部新编的最后一部县志似可为镇海县千年历史的全面而真实的记载和总结。     

城市交通系统景观生态设计初探

分析了城市景观的主要特征和城市(城镇)交通景观的结构和功能。强调了城市景观的保护和规划管理。初步分析了城市交通廊道系统的景观生态功能。探讨了城市交通景观生态的设计原则。以江南水乡为例,分析讨论了几种城市交通景观生态设计模式。     

Circuit optimization via sequential computer experiments: design of an output buffer

In electrical engineering, circuit designs are now often optimized via circuit simulation computer models. Typically, many response variables characterize the circuit's performance. Each response is a function of many input variables, including factors that can be set in the engineering design and noise factors representing manufacturing conditions. We describe a modelling approach which is appropriate for the simulator's deterministic input–output relationships. Non-linearities and interactions are identified without explicit assumptions about the functional form. These models lead to predictors to guide the reduction of the ranges of the designable factors in a sequence of experiments. Ultimately, the predictors are used to optimize the engineering design. We also show how a visualization of the fitted relationships facilitates an understanding of the engineering trade-offs between responses. The example used to demonstrate these methods, the design of a buffer circuit, has multiple targets for the responses, representing different trade-offs between the key performance measures.     

空间光通信ATP系统设计分析

空间光束捕获、跟踪、瞄准（ＡＴＰ）技术在空间光通信中具有重要地位。文中讨论了空间光通信系统中的ＡＴＰ伺服系统的结构,并对系统稳态设计和系统动态综合等关键问题进行了详细的分析和研究。     

减少流液洞中玻璃液回流

分析了流液洞中玻璃液流情况,提出了流液洞设计和使用中消除或减少回流的措施。     

The Big Five personality factors and team performance: implications for selecting successful product design teams

In the pursuit of faster product development, product design teams are a growing phenomenon in many organizations. In order to be successful, these teams must be composed of people who work well together. However, despite the benefit of selecting the optimal combination of team members, this topic has received little attention. Personality has been identified as a potentially helpful selection variable in the determination of optimal team composition. This study examines the relationships between the ‘Big Five’ personality factors (Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience) and objective team performance for three-member product design teams. In addition to this, the potential incremental contribution of personality to the variance in team performance over that accounted for by established selection measures such as general cognitive ability was investigated. In the short duration of the study, it became apparent that some teams were capable of success, and some were not. Successful teams were characterized by higher levels of general cognitive ability, higher extraversion, higher agreeableness, and lower neuroticism than their unsuccessful counterparts. In successful teams, the heterogeneity of conscientiousness was negatively related to increments in product performance. Implications for the selection of product design teams and future directions for research are discussed.     

“以农立国”还是“以工立国”？——民国时期立国之争的再思考

20世纪二三十年代,中国出现了一次关于“何以立国”的争论,争论的核心是“以工立国”还是“以农立国”。此次争论包括了耳熟能详的一些经济学家、哲学家、政治家等社会名流,以章士钊为代表的“守旧派”、梁漱溟、晏阳初等乡村建设运动者为代表的“改良派”和以董时进为代表的“创新派”坚持“以农立国”,他们的出发点是中国对于农国地位以及农国精神的维护;吴景超、张培刚、孙倬章则是“以工立国”派的重要拥趸,他们主要着眼于现实,提出只有建立强大的工业基础才能挽救民族于危亡之中。此外“非名流”乃至“草根”阶级也参与到了论战中,与他们相比,“名流”论战者有着更为宏观、全局性和深层次的把握。传统认为“工农之争”的论战以“以工立国”派的胜利而告终,然而从不同的视角看,“以农立国”的观点不无道理,甚至对于现阶段经济的发展仍有指导意义。