Factors that influence reading and comprehension of branching instructions in self–administered questionnaires

Summary: In this paper we examine the tendency for branching instructions to be ignored, misread, or otherwise not appropriately followed so that item nonresponse occurs for follow–up questions. The potential influence on branching errors of seven features of question complexity are examined, including high number of question words, high number of answer categories, last categories branch, all categories branch, write–in responses, location at the bottom of a page, and high distance between the answer box and branching instruction. A logistic regression analysis revealed that question complexity had a tendency to increase certain errors, but not others.* A more detailed version of this paper with additional analysis and discussion is available at http://www.sesrc.wsu.edu/dillman/. The opinions expressed here are those of the authors, not necessarily of the institutions where they presently work or the U.S. Census Bureau, which provided financial support for the collection of these data. We would like to thank Aref Dajani and Yves Thibaudeau for their advice on the analysis used in this paper.     

浅议新闻策划在校报中的作用

随着网络媒体的崛起,高校校报在校园的传播优势受到一定的冲击。校报如何发展?笔者认为只有通过加强新闻宣传策划的力度,更多地开展深度报道、立体报道,更好地配置和运用有限的新闻资源,强化校报在校园媒体中所特有的权威性和导向性,向读者提供更多、更好的新闻精品,才能在与广播、有线电视、校园新闻网络等媒介的竞争中占得一席之地。     

机械基础系列课程教改中机械精度设计的实现

本文阐述了精度设计是《互换性与测量技术》课程在机械基础系列课程教改中的准确定位。指出互换性与精度设计是两个完全不同的概念 ,互换性是不同于精度设计的另一种要求。对于典型的机械产品或零件的设计与制造 ,应首先进行合理的精度设计 ,再根据具体条件确定是否需要按照标准化的原则满足互换的要求。     

为工程硕士设计新工程经济学体系

工程硕士专业学位研究生学位课包括管理类和经济类课程。本文在分析比较国内外工程经济学研究对象、学科体系的基础上 ,力求构建一个符合时代要求、适应经济建设需要、满足培养工程硕士需要的工程经济学体系     

室内设计&室内设计师——不断更新的内涵

本文通过对室内设计和室内设计师较为系统的介绍,使我们掌握室内设计的内涵和外延以及室内设计的设计原则和内容,明确功能、形式、技术之间的关系,对室内设计有一个较为全面的认识,明确室内设计师的专业修养和职业道德修养,建立相应的理性认识,树立科学的设计观。     

Are there causal relationships between the dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory? A review and two longitudinal tests

Arising from interest concerning the possibility of causal relationships among the three components of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, several process models have been proposed for the development of burnout. The present paper first reviews the evidence in favour of the three most influential of these (Leiter and Maslach's model (1988); Golembiewski, Boudreau, Munzenrider, & Luo's (1996) phase model; and Lee and Ashforth's model (1993)). These three models, and our own model (which integrates of two of them, and includes feedback effects of depersonalization on emotional exhaustion) are then compared with each other using structural equation modelling, drawing on longitudinal data from two Dutch samples (total N=1185). The review revealed that none of the seven previous studies on this issue provided any convincing support for any particular causal order proposed so far. In contrast, our own study showed that high levels of exhaustion were associated with high levels of depersonalization over time across both samples. Further, higher levels of depersonalization led to higher levels of emotional exhaustion and lower levels of personal accomplishment. To our knowledge, the present research is the first to provide reliable longitudinal evidence for the conceptualization of burnout as a developmental process, although the effects are not large enough to be of practical use in the recognition of burnout.     

Integration of Stochastic Effects and Data Uncertainties into the Design of Process Equipment

Stochastic effects and data uncertainties are present in any engineering calculation. Their impact may be particularly important if they concern the design of process equipment. A calculation model for the dynamic behavior of a heat exchanger and procedures to deal with the related uncertainties are presented. Their propagation through the calculation by means of a Monte Carlo approach is shown. The temperature at the heat exchanger outlet and the step response of a sudden variation in the heat exchanger inlet temperature are simulated and evaluated by way of example. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of stochastic effects and uncertainties provides a more reliable basis for design decisions and hence reduces the probability of errors.     

Bayesian Survival Analysis Using Bernstein Polynomials

Abstract.  Bayesian survival analysis of right-censored survival data is studied using priors on Bernstein polynomials and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. These priors easily take into consideration geometric information like convexity or initial guess on the cumulative hazard functions, select only smooth functions, can have large enough support, and can be easily specified and generated. Certain frequentist asymptotic properties of the posterior distribution are established. Simulation studies indicate that these Bayes methods are quite satisfactory.     

几种典型的烟气脱硫技术

烟气脱硫是控制二氧化硫污染的常用方法,我国的烟气脱硫技术研究从19世纪五十年代开始,目前已形成较多的应用技术。文中对国内几种典型的烟气脱硫技术的工艺流程、特点、应用情况及其发展做了介绍。     

素质教育观念下教学方法设计与效应的博弈分析

文章从学生的主体地位、教与学的过程和经验、学生的个性差异三个方面入手,站在师生博弈的角度,对教学方法的设计及其效应进行了分析.