生态旅游的发展条件与可持续发展保障模式研究

以发展生态旅游带动地区经济发展的跨越式发展模式被许多欠发达地区所看好,如何保障旅游开发的可持续性发展是欠发达地区在实践中面临的共同问题.通过对丽水市发展生态旅游的条件、可持续发展的影响因素及保障模式的分析研究,阐明在生态旅游开发过程中政府、企业、个人各开发主体和开发目标的关系,以保证地区发展在空间、时间上的连续性和可持续性.     

How Countries Become Rich and Reduce Poverty: A Review of Heterodox Explanations of Economic Development

For the sake of less developed countries, it is time to adjust the discussion of international development assistance on poverty reduction. This article attempts to do so by reviewing new and old literature explaining why some countries are rich and others are poor. History has repeatedly shown that building up capabilities in manufacturing and improving the productivity of agriculture are the keys to wealth creation and long‐term sustained poverty reduction. Furthermore, industrialisation and increased agricultural productivity are interdependent processes. Discussion about ending world poverty needs to be shifted back to consideration of economic transformation and the role foreign aid can reasonably play in achieving these objectives.     

Where have all the children gone? Women's reports of more childlessness at older ages than when they were younger in a large-scale continuous household survey in Britain

Levels of childlessness reported by the same cohorts of women and surveyed by the British General Household Survey increase with age by over 50 per cent between their early 40s and their late 50s for women born in the early 1940s. Yet the reported mean fertility of parous women remains constant with increasing age. Similar results hold within sub-groups such as different educational and marital status groups. Possible reasons for these findings include declining comparability of the base population over time due to differential migration, mortality, or institutionalization, changes in survey design and content, and differential non-response by childless and parous women. The evidence shows that these are not adequate explanations. The most likely reason is deliberate under-reporting of childbearing among older cohorts of women. The findings have implications for the interpretation of retrospective data in surveys and for the availability of informal care for older people.     

发达国家文化建设路径初探及其对我国的启示

发达国家尤其是以美、欧为代表的文化强国都非常重视本国文化事业的建设与发展,并通过多种途径和措施为本国文化建设保驾护航。这不仅能有效地维护本国文化的安全,还能强劲地提升本国文化的国际影响力和竞争力,成为经济社会全面发展进步的一个新的"动力推进剂"。这些国家在文化建设实践上积累的许多成熟、行之有效的经验做法,能对我国的文化建设产生积极的比较和借鉴意义。     

关于人权的普遍性和特殊性关系的论争及其根源

关于人权的普遍性和特殊性关系的论争是发达国家与发展中国家人权观论争的一个焦点 ,也是当代国际人权斗争的一个重要理论问题。发达国家只承认人权的普遍性 ,不承认人权的特殊性 ,认为人权是全人类的共同价值 ,人权的内容和标准是绝对的、永恒的、普遍的。发展中国家认为 ,人权有普遍性 ,也有特殊性 ,在处理人权问题时 ,必须考虑到这个世界在政治、经济、社会和文化上的多样性。论争产生的根源在于其不同的理论基础。     

中美对非援助政策的比较分析

中国是援助非洲最多的发展中国家之一,美国是援助非洲最多的发达国家之一。比较两国的对非援助形式、阶段性特征及本质,不仅有助于我们认识南北援助和南南援助的区别,而且也可以为中国援外政策的发展和完善提供一些新的思路。     

农村知识贫困与新农村人力资源开发

农村贫困不仅是收入贫困,还有人类贫困和知识贫困。农村贫困的根源是知识贫困,而消除农村知识贫困的根本途径是开发农村人力资源。长期以来,农村教育目标的应试性、城市性、离农性,没有赋予农民在农村谋生进而改变农村面貌的能力,制约了农村人力资源开发。在新农村建设中,开发农村人力资源的根本策略是建立新农村教育体系,发展适应新农村建设的教育。为此,国家要建立农村人力资源开发的长效机制,城市要主动参与农村人力资源开发,农村要转变传统教育观念,依据新农村建设需要,开发农村人力资源。     

论发达国家公共住房管理特点及对我国的启示

西方发达国家在长期实践中形成了各具特色的公共住房开发与管理模式,其共同特点对我国公共住房管理有很好的借鉴意义。我国应在建立政府主导的公共住房保障体制的前提下,加快公共住房的法规建设;加大经济适用房、廉租房供应的政府投入;加大对住房的政策性金融、财政支持力度;特剐是要积极引导和扶持民间组织及个人合作建房,创新公共住房供给模式,加快公共住房建设步伐。