以意义为中心的布鲁纳文化心理学研究

美国著名教育心理学家和认知心理学家杰罗姆·布鲁纳,提出了以意义为中心的认知心理学体系,强调跨学科融合,推动了心理学和人类学的整合,探讨意义生成的过程与机制,形成了以意义与叙事为中心的文化心理学。布鲁纳建立的文化心理学通过对叙事实践的研究,探讨文化在经验、记忆和社会行为的形成过程中的作用,不仅促进了心理学和人类学的研究和理论化,还直接影响了教育、医学和法律领域的研究与实践,为理解文化与心智的关系做出了杰出的贡献。     

个体身份与生命意义：肺癌网络社区的疾病叙事

文章通过对国内"医享网"癌症社区"肺癌圈"中33篇精华帖的叙事分析,探究其中生命故事的主体对自我身份的建构路径及其对生命价值的意义探寻,并尝试性地提出一些反思。研究发现,在自述和他述生命故事中,叙事者在信息寻求过程中改善自我印象,并运用"写作疗法""阅读疗法"和叙事隐喻理解疾病,帮助患者重塑自身角色。通过社群互动,患者形塑了对自身的身份认同,并形成了集体层面的生命价值观。从本研究的结论看,疾病叙事是癌症网络社区患者建构个体身份、形成身份认同的重要途径,叙事或可成为未来增进社会对癌症乃至其他疾病的理解、推进治疗与康复的可行之路。     

《春秋》的"大义"与"微言"

春秋时代,诸侯争霸,“霸”即“伯”,即争当“诸侯长”。历史上,虽有孟子等儒者对春秋史事评价过低,但孔子作《春秋》记载春秋大事,对齐桓公、晋文公主盟之事给予了积极、正面的评价,并从这段历史中发现政治智慧与思想之光,以“大义”和“微言”形式总结其中的经验。“大义”主要有：“尊王”“尊周”,反分裂;“选贤与能”,天下为公;天下治理,“会盟”共商;倡仁道,鄙诈力等。“微言”主要有：“大一统”;“通三统”;“张三世”;新“夷夏”观等。《春秋》“大义”和“微言”都具有与时俱进的特质和价值,可以进行现代性阐发与转化：政治上,维护国家统一,反对国家分裂,推举贤能理政;文化上,促进文明交流与民族融合,维护文明延续发展与民族团结等,这些在当代都具有宝贵的借鉴意义。     

胶东半岛与辽东半岛现代植被发展趋势研究

通过胶东半岛、辽东半岛及庙岛群岛５２个样地乔木更新层情况的调查,采用主成分分析方法进行样地资料分析,指出现代植被发展趋势的两个阶段：松类—栎类混交林阶段与栎类—松类混交林阶段;生境变化趋势由庙岛群岛的温湿向辽东半岛略暖温和胶东半岛的暖干过渡．     

What Do Movements Mean? The Value of Participant-Observation

Participant-observation can teach us much about the everyday meanings of doing social activism. I conceptualize these implicit meanings in relation to work in the sociology of culture, and social movement studies, and give examples from activists' everyday interaction. A participant-observer's forays into implicit meanings illuminate three dimensions of activists' experiences: the ways activists practice democratic citizenship in their groups, the ways they build group ties, and the ways they define the meaning of activism itself. By probing these implicit meanings, we can address questions that concern many social movement scholars. We increase our understanding of how movements grow, accomodate conflict, and build alliances, and we can specify which insights are useful in theories of contemporary or new social movements.     

Public Enterprise Reform in Fiji Islands

Reforming the public sector has been on the agenda of nations throughout the world since the late 1970s. Fiji is no exception. It has embarked on reforming its commercial and industrial enterprises since the late 1980s. The government of Fiji has reformed most of its enterprises with an avowed objective of enhancing profitability, productivity, efficiency and accountability. This paper makes an attempt to share some of the experiences of public enterprise reform process in Fiji. It aims to analyze the background, process, contents and impact of the reform and examine the factors impeding the reform program. It highlights that (a) both internal and external factors were responsible for introducing reforms; (b) the reform efforts have not been able to produce desired results; (c) the structural inadequacies in institutions and organizations have created bottlenecks in the reform process; and (d) uncertainty in the political sphere has contributed further to policy shifts.     

高质量联结与员工工作创造力的关系探究

我国关于工作创造力的研究较多,但针对人际情境以及社会网络对工作创造力影响的研究的重点主要集中在领导、同事等的作用探讨方面,而从积极工作关系视角探讨其对个体创造力的影响匮乏。高质量联结具有关系张力、高情感承载力与联结力的特征,可以使交往联结双方体验到活力、相互交融与积极关照。通过梳理和分析224份员工调查问卷,结果显示：高质量联结对员工工作创造力、工作意义均有显著的正向影响;在高质量联结对员工工作创造力的影响中,工作意义具有显著的中介效应;在高质量联结对工作意义的影响中,亲社会动机具有显著的调节效应。在管理实践中,管理者应该建立和强化组织中的高质量联结,不断提升员工的工作意义,努力激发员工的亲社会动机。     

传播符号学及其理论建构

具有百年历史的传播学研究在当代遇到了相当多的理论瓶颈，甚至被某些学者称之为传播学范式的危机。如何化解这种范式危机便成为传播学界孜孜以求的话题。某种程度上，正在成为“显学”的符号学恰恰能够提供这种化解危机的理论资源，符号学作为人文科学的“公分母”，本质上是一门“意义之学”，具体到传播而言，关注的是传播文本的意义建构，而非表象的传播效果。将符号学用于传播研究，能够从深层次揭示传播现象背后的原因。这样的背景下，传播符号学呼之欲出，传播符号学作为一门学科便具有了学理上的合法性与正当性。     

Women's participation in self‐help groups as a pathway to women's empowerment: A case of Nepal

Non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) and the government of Nepal have made some effort to reduce poverty in Nepal by creating women's affiliation groups, some of which are micro‐credit organizations. Using capabilities as defined by Amartya Sen (Development as freedom, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2000), which includes employment opportunities, women's ownership in productive resources such as land and/or homes, educational opportunities, and women's participation in decision‐making in the family, this study evaluated the extent to which women's ethnic group or caste affiliation affected a woman's likelihood of being empowered by participation in these groups. We analyzed a sample of 8,973 women which was taken from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Previous research has demonstrated that participation in gender‐based groups is correlated with higher economic status. This study adds to the literature on women's affiliation groups by investigating the impact of structural factors, such as caste and ethnicity, on women's self‐help group participation (women's groups and credit groups).     

Risk and Quantification: A Linguistic Study

In risk analysis and research, the concept of risk is often understood quantitatively. For example, risk is commonly defined as the probability of an unwanted event or as its probability multiplied by its consequences. This article addresses (1) to what extent and (2) how the noun risk is actually used quantitatively. Uses of the noun risk are analyzed in four linguistic corpora, both Swedish and English (mostly American English). In total, over 16,000 uses of the noun risk are studied in 14 random (n = 500) or complete samples (where n ranges from 173 to 5,144) of, for example, news and magazine articles, fiction, and websites of government agencies. In contrast to the widespread definition of risk as a quantity, a main finding is that the noun risk is mostly used nonquantitatively. Furthermore, when used quantitatively, the quantification is seldom numerical, instead relying on less precise expressions of quantification, such as high risk and increased risk. The relatively low frequency of quantification in a wide range of language material suggests a quantification bias in many areas of risk theory, that is, overestimation of the importance of quantification in defining the concept of risk. The findings are also discussed in relation to fuzzy‐trace theory. Findings of this study confirm, as suggested by fuzzy‐trace theory, that vague representations are prominent in quantification of risk. The application of the terminology of fuzzy‐trace theory for explaining the patterns of language use are discussed.