Japanese and American Children's Reasoning about Accepting Credit for Prosocial Behavior

Children's reasoning about the appropriateness of accepting credit for one's own prosocial behavior was examined. Participants aged 7–11 years old in Japan and the USA (total N = 206) were presented with a series of stories in which a protagonist performs a good deed and is asked about it by another character. Across stories, the protagonist either truthfully acknowledges the deed or falsely denies it, in a statement that is made either in public or in private, and is addressed to either a teacher or to a peer. As predicted, Japanese children judged protagonists less favorably when they acknowledged the good deed in public rather than in private. Further, Japanese children tended to view modest lies more favorably overall than did children in the USA. These results point to the importance of modesty in Japan and to the ways in which Japanese children take into account the social context of communication when deciding whether it is appropriate for individuals to convey information about themselves.     

产学研结合与社会发展

产学研结合不仅是一种教育模式,更是一种科技创新转换和社会发展模式。产学研结合研究结合国外经营,有些模式可以借鉴,但基于中国自己国情,中国有自己不同模式。基于此,对于产学研结合在中国发展的未来给以展望,知识产权保护,高校多元治理,充分调动各方积极性,联合高校政府企业社会各方进行跨区域跨学科的综合合作。     

新时期我国价格波动的主要影响因素及发展趋势

十一五期间我国主要价格指数均呈现出较快上升后快速回落的特点,但与上世纪八九十年代相比,我国价格波动趋于平缓,价格波动的影响因素也在发生变化:农副产品和资源性产品价格对价格总水平的影响加大,国际传导因素日益突出。随着我国主要农产品、资源性产品对国际市场依赖程度的进一步提高,国际市场初级产品价格波动加剧,十二五我国价格水平将呈现前低后高,温和上涨的趋势。     

古代汉语中物量表示法的发展演变

物量表示法是数量表示法的一个重要组成部分,弄清物量表示法在古代汉语各个时期的面貌及其发展演变,有助于汉语史的研究。本文探讨了古代汉语各个时期的物量表示法及其发展演变状况。     

Symbols Build Communication and Thought: The Role of Gestures and Words in the Development of Engagement Skills and Social‐emotional Concepts during Toddlerhood

Social skills and symbol skills are positively associated in middle childhood, but the relation between these domains is less clear in newly verbal toddlers. Vygotsky proposed that symbols are both tools for interaction and mental tools for thought. Do symbols help even very young children build skills for interacting with and conceptualizing the social world? Longitudinal data from 108 children and mothers were collected when children were 14, 24, and 36 months. Children's gestures and words during mother–child interactions were used as symbol skill indicators to predict children's abilities to engage others and the number of social‐emotional concepts children portray during play. In a series of growth models, words had a stronger effect on engagement skills whereas early gesture use predicted later development of social‐emotional concepts. Therefore, even in early development, symbols serve as both communication tools and mental tools to construct understanding of the social‐emotional world.     

论东欧新马克思主义的理论定位

东欧新马克思主义指的是第二次世界大战后在东欧国家兴起的一种马克思主义流派,其历史大体上分为两个时期:20世纪50-70年代,东欧新马克思主义作为稳定的学术派别存在,具体地说,包括南斯拉夫实践派、布达佩斯学派以及波兰和捷克斯洛伐克等国的新马克思主义;70年代后.东欧新马克思主义者作为个体融入到西方学术界,但其学术创作仍然有着东欧新马克思主义的深刻烙印.东欧新马克思主义与通常意义上的西方马克思主义以及70年代后欧美新马克思主义共同构成了20世纪新马克思主义的基本格局,其中,东欧新马克思主义鲜明的理论特色在于:其一,对马克思思想独特的、深刻的阐述;其二,对社会主义理论与实践、历史与命运的反思和对社会主义改革的理论设计;其三,对现代性的独特的理论反思.     

以人为本的社会属性与实现途径

中国共产党创立的科学发展观,强调核心是以人为本,其中的“人”是全体人、多需人、多代人。社会主义制度从根本上铲除了人的劳动成果异化为奴役人的工具的社会基础,人民群众成为社会的真正主人,中国共产党除了人民群众根本利益以外,没有任何特殊利益,这就为人的自由全面发展开辟出广阔的实现途径。     

陕西省人口迁移动向及其与经济发展的关系研究

文章从空间结构、个人特征等方面分析了陕西省人口迁移的状况及特点,研究人口迁移与经济发展的关系,指出迁移人口实际上已经构成了陕西社会经济发展的重要组成部分。人口的合理有序迁移流动,有利于陕西的社会、经济发展,有利于充裕的劳动力资源在市场环境中得到合理配置及充分利用,并就此问题提出了相关的政策建议。     

Modelling change in cognitive understanding with finite mixtures

Psychological theories often posit the existence of several different states. Individuals are viewed as belonging to one of the states at a given age, but with development pass to another state. A main problem in evaluating such theories is representing the transition from one state to another over age. A stochastic transition framework is proposed which should be useful in many different settings. The model is illustrated with data from a cognitive development task.     

Error rates in classification consisting of discrete and continuous variables in the presence of covariates

We consider classifying an object based on mixed continuous and discrete variables between two populations. Mixed discrete and continuous covariates with identical means in both populations are amongst the variables. Under the location model with homogeneous location specific conditional dispersion matrices for both populations, the Bayes rule is given. Classification is implemented by a plug-in version of the Bayes rule with full covariate adjustment. An asymptotic expansion of the overall expected error of the procedure is derived. Our findings generalize several classical results.