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151.
This note provides an alternative proof of consistency of the normal equations by appealing to well-known results in linear programming. 相似文献
152.
In this note we obtain upper and lower bounds for the kth largest number in a set of real numbers in terms of their mean and standard deviation. For each inequality necessary and sufficient conditions for equality are given. 相似文献
153.
W. D. Kaigh 《The American statistician》2013,67(2):92-94
Simple between-group comparisons of category representation percentages can be misleading for investigation of differential group selection procedures—the presence of a strong selection factor can obscure the effects of intermediate factors. This paradoxical effect is easily resolved through elementary application of the Bayes theorem. Because category representation percentages are often convenient and intuitively appealing to the statistically naive, however, there exist diverse and pervasive opportunities for incorrect interpretation with fallacious conclusions. Toxic shock syndrome epidemiological data are used to illustrate the paradox. 相似文献
154.
Roger B. Nelsen 《The American statistician》2013,67(4):343-345
The R language, a freely available environment for statistical computing and graphics is widely used in many fields. This “expert-friendly” system has a powerful command language and programming environment, combined with an active user community. We discuss how R is ideal as a platform to support experimentation in mathematical statistics, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Using a series of case studies and activities, we describe how R can be used in a mathematical statistics course as a toolbox for experimentation. Examples include the calculation of a running average, maximization of a nonlinear function, resampling of a statistic, simple Bayesian modeling, sampling from multivariate normal, and estimation of power. These activities, often requiring only a few dozen lines of code, offer students the opportunity to explore statistical concepts and experiment. In addition, they provide an introduction to the framework and idioms available in this rich environment. 相似文献
155.
增值评价是以学生成长为核心,以学校发展为目标的一种评价方式,可以更公平地评价学校效能。增值评价有多种数学模型,其中,与基于平均名次、基于标准分的两种模型相比,基于学生成长百分位和多层线性回归两种模型的优势在于能够避免优秀学生增值空间受限的问题。在多层线性回归模型中纳入学生性别、家庭社会经济地位指数等学校不可控的生源因素,可有效排除生源因素对学生的影响,更符合关注学校“净效能”的评价理念。 相似文献
156.
The partial attributable risk (PAR) has been introduced as a tool for partitioning the responsibility for causing an adverse event between various risk factors. It has arisen from epidemiology, but it is also a valid general risk allocation concept, which can, for example, be applied to data from customer satisfaction surveys. So far, a variance formula for the PAR has been missing so that the confidence intervals were not directly available. This paper provides the asymptotic normal distribution for the PAR determined from a cross-sectional study. 相似文献
157.
Jean‐François Quessy Mériem Saïd Anne‐Catherine Favre 《Revue canadienne de statistique》2013,41(1):65-82
Statistical procedures for the detection of a change in the dependence structure of a series of multivariate observations are studied in this work. The test statistics that are proposed are $L_1$ , $L_2$ , and $L_{\infty }$ distances computed from vectors of differences of Kendall's tau; two multivariate extensions of Kendall's measure of association are used. Since the distributions of these statistics under the null hypothesis of no change depend on the unknown underlying copula of the vectors, a procedure based on the multiplier central limit theorem is used for the computation of p‐values; the method is shown to be valid both asymptotically and for moderate sample sizes. Alternative versions of the tests that take into account possible breakpoints in the marginal distributions are also investigated. Monte Carlo simulations show that the tests are powerful under many scenarios of change‐point. In addition, two estimators of the time of change are proposed and their efficiency is carefully studied. The methodologies are illustrated on simulated series from the Canadian Regional Climate Model. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 65–82; 2013 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada 相似文献
158.
For the first time, a new five-parameter distribution, called the beta generalized gamma distribution, is introduced and studied. It contains at least 25 special sub-models such as the beta gamma, beta Weibull, beta exponential, generalized gamma (GG), Weibull and gamma distributions and thus could be a better model for analysing positive skewed data. The new density function can be expressed as a linear combination of GG densities. We derive explicit expressions for moments, generating function and other statistical measures. The elements of the expected information matrix are provided. The usefulness of the new model is illustrated by means of a real data set. 相似文献
159.
Vassili Blandin 《Statistics》2013,47(6):1202-1232
The purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic behaviour of the weighted least-squares estimators of the unknown parameters of random coefficient bifurcating autoregressive processes. Under suitable assumptions on the immigration and the inheritance, we establish the almost sure convergence of our estimators, as well as a quadratic strong law and central limit theorems. Our study mostly relies on limit theorems for vector-valued martingales. 相似文献
160.