高校管理理念的哲学基础与变革

高等学校的教师和科研人员的成熟程度以及高等学校的职能活动,决定教师和科研人员是学校管理的决策主体,行政人员只是为教学和科研服务的辅助性力量。但由于历史和体制方面的原因,“行政权力主导”的管理理念在我国高校已经根深蒂固,并造成了严重的后果。现实要求用“教师权力为主,行政权力为辅”的新管理理念来指导高校的改革,并通过改革来强化这种新的管理理念。     

试论古代汉语汉字的隐性和显性

隐性和显性之说在汉语言文字里具有普遍性,在汉字、语音、词汇、语法等诸方面均有体现。隐性和显性之说可以用来解释汉语言文字中不少难以说明的现象。我们应当用新的视角对此学说予以关注。     

BDSM Role Fluidity: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Investigating Switches Within Dominant/Submissive Binaries

This mixed-methods study of BDSM investigates the nuances of BDSM participants’ role identities, role frequencies, and role fluidities—shifts in identities and play across time, location, scene, and play partner. Data were gathered from 202 online surveys and 25 semistructured interviews about participants’ roles given their gender and sexual identities. These data reveal that men tend to self-identify as Dominant, Master, Top, or Sadist (DMTS) and always perform dominant roles, while women tend to self-identify as Submissive, Slave, Bottom, or Masochist (SSBM) and always perform submissive roles. Although this would seem to support the theory that BDSM reinforces gendered dominant/submissive binaries, further analyses indicate that women and queer/pansexual individuals disrupt this binary through their Switch identities and roles. Switching and queer identities, thus, offer the possibility for transforming dominant/submissive and other binaries.     

从法律适用层面解析滥用市场支配地位——采用经济指标与案例分析法

准确界定相关市场、市场支配地位及滥用行为对认定滥用市场支配地位尤显关键。然而,现有立法对此的相关规定尚存缺憾,从而造成法律实务中欠缺可操作性和统一性。因此,在界定“相关市场”时,可效仿欧盟、美国等做法,引入合理的可替代性和需求交叉弹性这两个经济指标,并效仿使用“SSNIP标准”;认定“市场支配地位”时,对直接性推定指标作出定义性界定,并可借鉴德国做法,在反垄断主管机构与国家统计局间建立与市场份额相关的数据信息的义务性联系;判定“滥用行为”时,借助一般性评判标准并明确采用合理原则,同时,对列举的六种常见表现形式加以细化解释。     

属性值为区间数的多属性决策对象排序研究

多属性决策问题的实质利用已有决策信息,通过一定方式对备选方案进行排序和择优。针对属性值为区间数的多属性决策对象排序问题,首先,提出决策对象优势关系这一概念,再次,得出决策对象的优势关系与其属性值两端点的实数值之和存在等价关系;最后,利用属性值为区间数的多属性决策实例对该算法进行了实例分析,并利用优势关系对决策对象进行排序并择优。     

Combinatorial Optimization in Real-Time Scheduling: Theory and Algorithms

Real-time computer systems are essential for many applications, such as robot control, avionics, medical instrumentation, manufacturing, etc. The correctness of the system depends on the temporal correctness as well as the functional correctness of the task executions. In order to assure temporal correctness it is necessary that the resources be scheduled to meet the temporal requirements of applications. When we consider the problem of nonpreemptive scheduling of a set of tasks in a processor for which no feasible solution exists, some tasks may have to be rejected so that a schedule can be generated for the rest. In this paper, we consider the problem of generating an optimal schedule such that the number of rejected tasks is minimized, and then the finish time is minimized for the accepted tasks. We propose to use an analytic approach to solve this problem. We first discuss the super sequence based technique which was originally proposed for reducing the search space in testing the feasibility of a task set. Then we show by the Conformation theorem that the super sequence constructed from the task set also provides a valid and reduced search space for the optimization problem. While the complexity of our scheduling algorithm in the worst case remains exponential, our simulation results show that the cost is reasonable for the average case.     

Social mobility and personal satisfaction: evidence from ten countries

This paper examines survey data relating class mobility to satisfaction and dissatisfaction with seven different domains of everyday life among nationally representative samples of men and women living in ten industrialized nations. The evidence is set against competing pessimistic and optimistic accounts of the mobility experience found in earlier literature. Results show that individuals who move from working-class origins to middle-class destinations are no more likely to be systematically satisfied or dissatisfied with life than are the socially immobile or even those downwardly mobile from advantaged backgrounds into the working class. Indeed, in all nations, the overall association between class experience and satisfaction with life is both weak and uneven across the different life-domains. The study also serves to illustrate an important principle of research methodology more generally.     

基于限制优势关系的粗糙决策分析模型

针对信息不完全的偏好多属性决策问题,给出一种基于拓展粗糙集的决策分析模型.首先提出限制优势关系的概念;然后在限制优势关系下得到知识的粗糙近似,给出分类决策规则.对比分析证明,限制优势关系既保留了扩展优势关系的优点,又在一定程度上克服了扩展优势关系的局限性.最后通过一个实例验证了所提出的模型对信息不完备决策系统的处理更符合实际情况。     

习近平批判政治虚无主义的三个向度

把党的政治建设作为根本性建设放在首位,必须坚决纠正政治虚无主义倾向。政治虚无主义的滋生和蔓延将对党的事业和人民的利益造成致命的打击。对此,习近平从三个向度对政治虚无主义进行了批判:表现向度上,点明了政治虚无主义虚无党性、虚无信仰、虚无人民的种种形式;危害向度上,阐明了政治虚无主义给党和人民带来的重重危害;治理向度上,指明了肃清政治虚无主义恶劣影响的完整策略。这一系统的批判,对于新时代开展反对政治虚无主义的斗争,建设经得起风浪考验、人民忠诚拥护和始终走在时代前列的马克思主义政党具有重要意义。     

Stochastic dominance in multicriterion analysis under risk

Traditionally, in the literature on the modelling of decision aids one notes the propensity to treat expected utility models and outranking relation models as rivals. It may be possible, however, to benefit from the use of both approaches in a risky decision context. Stochastic dominance conditions can be used to establish, for each criterion, the preferences of a decision maker and to characterise them by a concave or convex utility function.Two levels of complexity in preference elicitation, designated as clear and unclear, are distinguished. Only in the case of unclear preferences is it potentially interesting to attempt to estimate the value function of the decision maker, thus obtaining his (her) preferences with a reduced number of questions. The number of questions that must be asked of the decision maker depends upon the level of the concordance threshold that he(she) requires in the construction of the outranking relations using the ELECTRE method.