基于网络化制造平台的虚拟供应链组建及运作技术

回顾了国家自然科学基金资助项目"基于网络化制造平台的虚拟供应链组建及运作技术"(70272043)的研究情况,分析了该项目的研究目标,总结了其研究内容和研究方法,阐明了该项目的研究意义及所取得的成果。     

Route‐Independent Analysis of Available Capacity in Flexible Manufacturing Systems

In a job shop, because of large setup times, each operation is assigned to only one machine. There is no alternative routing. In a flexible manufacturing system, each manufacturing operation can often be performed on several machines. Therefore, with automated equipment, the capacity of a machine to perform certain operations is not independent of the capacity of other machines. Often, however, operations managers can use a route‐independent answer to production planning questions. For example, how much can be produced of a certain part type and when are important capacity questions in business negotiations, when the detailed routing and scheduling are not yet of interest or cannot be known. This paper provides a mathematical model for the route‐independent analysis of the capacity of flexible manufacturing systems based on a concept of operation types. An example is provided both to illustrate the use of operation types and to highlight the differences between the traditional route‐dependent and the proposed route‐independent formulations of capacity constraints. Some computational results are also given. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is developed to analyze the feasibility of production plans when production requirements and machine capacities can change.     

“微笑曲线”视角下中国客车制造行业竞争战略及其优化

为了深入研究 “微笑曲线”在中国客车制造行业的应用价值,从客车制造行业价值链的各个环节入手,通过对产业链上、中、下游各环节附加值的分析,从理论知识层面制定出中国客车制造行业竞争战略优化方案,并且在解读“微笑曲线”模型以及对现阶段中国客车制造企业竞争策略剖析的基础上,进一步提出中国客车制造行业“微笑曲线”。研究表明,中国客车制造行业通过自主创新和技术引进构建企业核心竞争力,在采取外包中游制造业的同时,拓展下游品牌销售,可以确保持续性的附加价值和永续性的经营价值,以实现中国客车制造行业的转型和升级。     

基于投入产出非线性优化的制造业完全能耗强度情景分析

当前,环境污染仍为中国最突出的问题之一,而降低制造业完全能耗强度是减少消耗及污染的重要途径。本文基于投入产出非线性优化理论,以制造业完全能耗强度最小为目标,并以18个行业最终需求为决策变量,构建了一个完全能耗强度非线性优化模型,特引入了进出口系数等约束条件,并基于已有投入产出表等数据,预测调整模型的相关系数。在此基础上,设计了三个方案与两个情景,并运用粒子群算法求解模型。结果表明:2015年中国制造业完全能耗强度最小值区间为0.7823-0.9048tce/万元,相比2010年,下降率区间为8.9%-21.31%。在高方案情景2下,可实现制造业完全能耗强度降低20%的目标。为实现该目标,应促进中低能耗制造业发展、降低高能耗制造业的完全能耗量、适当提高消费和进口系数并降低投资和出口系数。本文既有利于政府部门制定科学系统的节能减排政策,也有利于深化能源经济与管理理论。     

价值链攀升机理及重要影响因素研究——基于中国制造业区域面板数据的分析

By using panel data method to analyze the key influence factors that affect climbing-up in global value chains in different regions of China manufacturing industry based on Potter’s theory, this paper comes to a conclusion that FDI, international trade, technology innovation, industrial structure and other factors have significant effect on the manufacturing industry of China. The economic variables which correspond to each influence factor exhibit extremely uneven regional distribution. The paper also suggests the related industrial policies should be considered according to the different characteristics of regional manufacturing development     

辽宁高端装备制造业技术创新能力提升策略研究

高端装备制造业是我国七大战略性新兴产业之一,提升技术创新能力能够增强高端装备制造业的竞争力,对高端装备制造业的发展具有重要意义。基于辽宁高端装备制造业发展概况与代表企业分布情况,总结分析辽宁高端装备制造业技术创新的主要成绩与发展瓶颈,提出以完善政策环境、搭建基础平台、加强企业培育3方面为主的提升辽宁高端装备制造业技术创新能力的策略,以期丰富高端装备制造业技术创新理论,为辽宁高端装备制造业技术创新发展提供规划建议,推动区域经济健康可持续发展。     

机械设计制造工艺学课程改革与大学生工程能力培养实践

围绕大学生工程能力的培养,在优化整合课程内容、编写特点鲜明教材、改变教学方法和手段、加强实验教学等方面进行机械设计制造工艺学课程的教学改革与实践.这一改革实践改变了注重理论和知识传承而对学生能力培养重视不足现状,解决了生产对工艺能力要求的加强与学时压缩的矛盾;合理处理了新知识新工艺快速发展与传统知识更新和传承的协调;突出了实验教学特色.实践证明,围绕学生工程能力培养进行教学,学生的工程能力会有较大提高.     

我国石油石化装备制造业发展的路径选择

我国石油石化装备制造业已具有一定基础,但与先进国家相比,还面临来自各方面的挑战。振兴我国石油石化装备制造业,要求我们做好以下几方面工作：一是强化规划科学引导,完善功能布局;二是发力高端装备制造,实现由大到强的战略转型;三是立足科学发展,着力增强自主创新能力;四是致力于国产化,提升石油石化装备国际话语权;五是努力拓展海外市场,寻求产业发展的更大空间;六是坚持走“绿色制造”之路,铸造新的辉煌。     

坚持问题导向 建设制造强国

建设制造强国,是实现党的十八大战略目标的重要组成部分。在中国改革开放以来经济增长过程中,制造业发挥了巨大的作用,2012年稳中求进目标的实现印证了这一点。在全球制造业领域经济竞争日益激烈的背景下,必须坚持问题导向思路,分析中国制造业发展存在的现实不足与制约因素,坚持反泡沫经济原则,采取科学合理的政策促进制造业做大做强。     

The Effect of Language Differences and National Culture on Operational Process Compliance

With increasing frequency, firms are locating their operations in disparate countries with distinct national cultures and languages. This study develops and empirically tests hypotheses relating an operation's process compliance performance to (1) the presence of a language difference between the location of the operation and that of headquarters and (2) the national culture of the location of the operation and that of headquarters. Employing an international sample of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants located primarily in Western nations, the analysis reveals that a language difference between the location of a plant and the firm's headquarters is consistently related to decreased process compliance at the plant level. Regarding national culture, only limited evidence of a direct relationship between national cultural dimensions (at either the plant or headquarters location) and process compliance exists. However, the analysis does suggest that cultural congruence between the location of the plant and that of headquarters can relate to improved compliance performance. Such a relationship depends on the specific national cultural dimension studied. While these results are obtained in a specific manufacturing setting, they potentially have implications for process compliance in any global operation.