数据赋能驱动制造业企业实现敏捷制造案例研究

  世界经济的发展呼唤先进制造理念和制造技术,敏捷制造受到学者的广泛关注。制造业企业通过了解实现敏捷制造的过程机理,可以使其灵活地运用各种先进生产技术促成敏捷制造。然而,已有对制造业企业实现敏捷制造过程的研究缺少契合当前情景的视角以及完整、清晰的探究。         鉴于此,引入赋能概念,从数据驱动的视角对青岛酷特智能公司的研发、生产和营销3个阶段进行深入分析,结合扎根理论的3级编码技术,构建制造业企业通过数据赋能实现敏捷制造的过程模型。在已有研究基础上,构建敏捷制造的开放式概念框架,通过调研访谈、实地考察等方式获得分析数据,分析并构建制造业企业实现敏捷制造的过程模型,结合已有研究对该模型进行进一步讨论和完善。研究过程严格遵循理论构建的理论-实践-理论研究逻辑。         研究结果表明,企业的敏捷制造能力可以通过高效对接消费者需求与资源以及提高中间对接环节的效率来打造。从数据驱动视角看,数据化、标准化和联网化是制造业企业实现敏捷制造的核心所在。一方面,数据化和标准化可以提高数据的可接入性和流通性,减少制造加工环节的延缓;另一方面,联网化可以让需求数据直接对接企业的资源和制造过程的设备,进而实现资源的自动整合,打造企业高响应速度、高质量、低成本的供给。         从数据驱动视角构建的敏捷制造过程模型系统详细地解释了制造业企业通过数据赋能实现敏捷制造的过程,完善和拓展了关于敏捷制造的研究,为未来敏捷制造实证研究提供了一定的研究基础和启示。此外,为了给企业实践提供更加详细、明确的指导,给出基于数据赋能驱动制造业企业实现敏捷制造的实践指导步骤。     

制造业效率区域差异及其影响因素分析——基于中国省级面板数据的研究

制造业的发展关系到第二产业乃至整个国民经济的发展,制造业的增长是中国工业经济增长的主导力量。本文运用数据包络分析法,测度了制造业各行业及中国各省制造业效率情况,然后利用中国省级制造业效率指标以及专利申请、地区经济发展水平等制造业效率影响因素的外延数据构成面板数据（Panel Data）建立模型。通过实证分析得出：地区经济的发展有利于制造业效率的提升。专利申请与制造业效率呈负相关。     

中国制造业集聚：度量与显著性检验 ——基于集聚测量新方法

 根据集聚分布的自身特点,本文提出了可以进行显著性检验的普适性产业集聚指数,并对我国28制造业1994年的860个样本和2004年800个样本进行测量和检验,我们的计算结果表明,中国制造业的集聚强度总体上呈上升趋势,同时具有集聚和扩散双重现象。     

机械设计制造及其自动化专业人才培养模式的创新实践

在新的历史条件下,深化高等教育改革、提高专业人才培养质量,关键是必须改革和创新专业人才培养模式。围绕专业人才培养目标和基本要求,从制订专业人才培养方案、建立基于课程群的完整的人才培养课程体系、创新人才培养模式等方面,阐述了我校机械设计制造及其自动化专业进行综合改革的具体做法,这对其他高校相关专业的教学改革及人才培养,具有一定的启发。     

Managing dependency in China outsourcing relationships

Abstract

This paper examines manufacturing firms’ use of guanxi and formal control to address dependence on suppliers and achieve desired outsourcing performance in China. Using survey data collected from manufacturing firms operating in China, a structural equation model is used to test the research model. The results suggest that manufacturing firms with high dependence on suppliers build Chinese guanxi with those suppliers to overcome the dependence and enhance outsourcing performance. In addition, Chinese guanxi also appears to facilitate the use of formal control, which was also found to have a positive relationship with outsourcing performance. This paper contributes to the literature by illustrating the importance of guanxi in achieving desired outsourcing performance in the China context, particularly in the case where a manufacturer perceives high dependency on its major supplier.     

Cloud manufacturing system for sheet metal processing

Abstract

Cloud computing is changing the way industries and enterprises run their businesses. Cloud manufacturing is emerging as an approach to transform the traditional manufacturing business model, while helping the manufacturer to align production efficiency with its business strategy, and creating intelligent factory networks that enable collaboration across the whole enterprise. Many production planning and control (PPC) problems are essentially optimisation problems, where the objective is to develop a plan that meets the demand at minimum cost or maximum profit. Because the underlying optimisation problem will vary in the different business and operation phases, it is important to think about optimisation in a dynamic mechanism and in a number of interlinked sub-problems at the same time. Cloud manufacturing has the potential to offer decision support as a service and medium of communication in PPC. To solve these problems and produce collaboration across the supply chain, this paper provides an overview of the state of the art in cloud manufacturing and presents a model of cloud-based production planning and production system for sheet metal processing.     

The implementation of digital technologies for operations management: a case study for manufacturing apps

Abstract

Manufacturing applications address business to business (B2B) with highly customised applications developed for specific requirements, offering highly specialised solution-oriented and service-based software components, systems, and digital tools that aim at a fast and accurate decision-making support system. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of digital technologies for operations management using manufacturing or engineering apps (eApps), for product design and manufacturing processes. In particular, starting from the specific needs of two companies from mature European industries as automotive and food, this work depicts how this kind of solutions can support companies and improve their operations. In particular, related benefits and challenges faced for the full implementation of the developed tools are highlighted. Moreover a business model to exploit the manufacturing apps is also proposed. The business model proposed for the exploitation of the eApps supports the commercialisation of all the revenue streams offered by this rapidly growing sector taking into account the specific needs of the concerned stakeholders through a diversified value proposition.     

Decision model for product rollover in manufacturing operations

The purpose of this study is to investigate critical decisions when planning for product rollover at a manufacturing company, and how to organise these decisions. A literature review and a case study are used to develop a decision model. The findings indicate that product rollover can be organised in a five-phase decision model. The research quality is strengthened by a structured literature review, but it can be argued that more empirical research is needed for validation. For researchers, this paper contributes with the identification of critical decisions and a model for product rollover. For practitioners, the study highlights the need to acknowledge the importance of product rollover and its role as a competitive weapon. In earlier studies, product rollover has mainly been investigated from a market perspective, so that this study contributes by investigating the issue from a manufacturing perspective.     

A reference activity model for smart factory design and improvement

Smart manufacturing systems (SMSs) are envisioned to contain highly automated and IT-driven production systems. To address the complexity that arises in such systems, a standard and holistic model for describing its activities and their interrelationships is needed. This paper introduces a factory design and improvement (FDI) activity model and illustrates a case study of FDI in an electromechanical component factory. In essence, FDI is a reference activity model that encompasses a range of manufacturing system activities for designing and improving a factory during its initial development and also its operational phases. The FDI model shows not only the dependency between activities and manufacturing control levels but also the pieces of information and software functions each activity relies on. We envision that the availability of these pieces of information in digital form to integrate across the software functions will increase the agility of factory design and improvement projects. Therefore, our future work lies in contributing to standards for exchanging such information.     

Effects of key enabling technologies for seru production on sustainable performance

Demand uncertainty, economic globalization, and environmental deterioration force factories to innovate their manufacturing systems for achieving sustainable performance. Seru production, which is the latest manufacturing mode developed in Japan, attracts broad attention from both academia and practitioners. The overwhelming majority of existing works on seru production focus on economic performance unilaterally, while neglecting the environmental and social performance. This paper investigates the effects of key enabling technologies for seru production on sustainable performance. Firstly, four key enabling technologies for seru production are identified through systematic review, and an evaluation indicator system of sustainable performance in the context of seru production is developed. Then, the hypotheses about the effects of the identified key enabling technologies for seru production on sustainable performance are proposed on the basis of previous research achievements, theoretical analysis, and practical observations. Finally, the hypotheses are tested through structural equation modeling. Except for two hypotheses which are not supported and one which is indirectly supported, all other hypotheses are verified. The research results show that the four key enabling technologies for seru production have different effects on the three dimensions of sustainable performance. The achievements of this work are of significance to improve the comprehensive understanding of seru production, as well as to develop practical methods to implement sustainable operations.