“一定”的虚化及两种语义的分化

“一定”最初表示“一经制定;一经确定”,是个动词短语,始见于春秋时期。至宋代,它凝固成形容词“一定”,表示“固定的、确定的、规定的”等意义。元明时期,形容词“一定”又虚化为副词“一定”,并逐渐分化出两种语义：意志坚决;推测或判断。     

区域开放与经济增长——基于湖南经济开放度的实证分析

2009年湖南省各市州的对外开放情况横向比较表明,省区内部的开放差异较为明显,导致地区经济增长不平衡、发展受限制。为提高湖南对外开放水平,推动经济均衡发展,要认识到其整体开放度偏低的事实,积极发挥潜力;要积极引进和充分利用国外及沿海发达地区的资本,促进经济快速发展;要根据自身的资源禀赋,以市场为主导手段,加快产业结构调整;要实施"引进来"与"走出去"相结合的战略。     

普通话课程的差异化教学探讨

普通话课程实行差异化教学主要是根据学生的个性、能力和兴趣,在教学方法、教学内容、教学过程等诸多方面进行改革,综合运用差异化教学方法、灵活采用各种教学策略,努力达成普通话课程差异化教学目标,实现学生的整体优化。     

地理依赖、空间溢出与河南省金融发展空间分异——基于1990—2012年县域数据的空间计量分析

以河南省1990—2012年各县域金融相关比率为衡量金融发展水平指标,利用MatLab、ArcGIS工具,采用非参数核密度估计、ESDA局部空间相关分析与空间地理加权模型回归方法,从空间相互作用角度对河南省各县域金融发展的空间布局进行研究与分析,以揭示其演化特征、空间依赖性及异质性,并对形成原因进行初步探索。结果显示,河南省县域金融发展水平总体存在显著的空间集聚特征,呈现出明显的地理依赖特征;同时结合非参数核密度估计分析发现,豫北地区地域差距较小,豫东传统农业地区县域金融发展差距较大,揭示出局部空间异质问题;最后结合GWR分析,在影响河南省金融空间布局的因素中,工业发展水平始终主导着区域金融发展空间格局的演化,中心城市的工业发展对邻近县域金融发展具有显著的促进作用,但其“空间溢出”具有有限的边界。     

Re-positioning the supplier: an SME perspective

As manufactured products become more complex, their design and manufacturing demands more and more resource which is being increasingly shared between the supply/value chain members. Competition is being typified less by firm versus firm and more by supply chain versus supply chain. The final assemblers are simplifying their supply chain to reduce logistics complexity and provide best value to the final customer. To suppliers, particularly SMEs, this gives rise to both opportunities for increasing 'added value', as well as threats of being dropped from rationalized supplier bases. Historically, SMEs have been sandwiched between large customers and suppliers and have always reacted to their superior bargaining power. Now, if the SMEs want to survive and grow, they have to adopt a more proactive stance to re-position themselves in response to these supply chain trends. In this paper, we present a technique for re-positioning the supplier in terms of'physical value added' and competency/practice-based 'differentiation'. We use the proposed approach to see how one supplier has successfully changed his business and another has developed plans to change, in line with the trends in their industry structure.     

Modelling the tradeoff between postponement capacity and forecast accuracy

The ability to offer rapid delivery of a wide variety of customised products requires companies to maintain high levels of product inventories to quickly respond to customer demands. One alternative for reducing final product inventories while providing the required customer service level is delayed product differentiation, known as postponement. This strategy, however, can result in significant costs of increasing capacity at the postponement stage. Another alternative is to improve forecast accuracy, resulting in costs associated with more sophisticated forecasting methodologies. In this study we model the costs associated with each alternative and the resulting reductions in inventory levels, while maintaining a constant service level. We illustrate the interaction between these variables using a numerical example motivated by our work with a local manufacturer of non-durable household goods. Our findings show that large cost differences can exist between the two strategies, and that these costs play a significant role in determining the best strategy. Also, the value of the product (through holding cost) sets a limit on the benefit that can be realised by either strategy. These results have important managerial implications that should be considered when making the postponement decision.     

竞争供应链中制造商环保技术投资决策研究

本文考虑消费者对质量差异化产品的异质性偏好以及环保意识,建立了消费者效用函数以及产品需求函数,构建了差异化竞争制造商及其零部件供应商之间的动态博弈模型;进而,研究了竞争供应链中制造商环保技术投资策略,考察了市场竞争对供应链均衡定价决策、环保技术投资决策以及消费者福利的影响。研究结果表明：拥有较高技术水平的制造商总是会选择更高的环保技术投资水平,但消费者也需为此支付更高的产品溢价;制造商环保技术投资会影响产品销售价格并有利于提升消费者福利,拥有较高技术水平的制造商总是有动机选择投资环保技术,而技术水平较低的制造商则不会有动机选择投资环保技术;市场竞争会导致供应商和制造商定价决策的变化,但此时供应商反而能够获得更多利润。     

农民分化视角下小农经济转型与乡村秩序再造

农民是新型城镇化和乡村振兴的主体,城镇化进程中农民的流动和分化不断增强。在农民分化结构中,离农户逐渐脱离农业和农村社会完成城镇化进程,而占农户中绝大多数比例的半工半耕农户和纯农户仍然对农业生产和农村生活有依赖性,小农经济依然是乡村社会秩序建构的经济基础。农民分化促进了小农经济转型发展,中坚农民与老人农业有机结合的乡村社会和农业经营结构,既促进了传统小农经济的去内卷化,同时也再造了城镇化进程中乡村社会的基本生产生活秩序。新时期推进新型城镇化和乡村振兴融合发展要重视农民分化的社会经济基础,提升城镇化发展质量,增强对进城农民的吸纳能力,同时发挥中坚农民等多元主体在乡村振兴中的主体作用,坚持以农民为主体的新型城镇化与乡村振兴的融合发展路径创新。     

中国旅游业转型中旅行社竞争优势构建——基于差异化战略的研究

在旅游产业转型升级之际,一直处于同质低价竞争格局的旅行社如何突破这种市场行为,以求增强自身竞争优势是值得深思的问题。运用产业组织理论的SCP范式以及博弈分析方法,论证差异化竞争战略是当前旅行社应选择的策略方式,并从差异化战略的视角对旅行社构建竞争优势提出相关建议。     

论尼采哲学为生命辩护的审美向度

“上帝”作为西方文化的核心价值观,一直以来都为西方人提供着终极关怀与死后的慰藉。“上帝”之死导致了最高价值缺位,撇下西方人在一个缺乏意义与充斥着荒谬本质的世界上独抱孤怀。在尼采看来,科学与道德都无法为生命提供终极的价值关怀,只有艺术,传承了神话的精髓,将人的生存审美化并为人的生存提供永恒、神圣的指引。