Computer Diffusion and Worker Empowerment

Abstract

Much anecdotal material describes various human impacts of computer adoption within the social work profession, however, there is scant research which confirms or challenges these assumptions. This article describes a study which investigates the diffusion of computers into the social work profession in terms of empowerment as an individual outcome for workers. A questionnaire returned by 520 social workers provided data on organizational computer diffusion, organizational centralization, and the Social Worker Empowerment Scale. Workers in organizations where computer diffusion was more advanced, and those in more decentralized decisionmaking environments were found to be more empowered.     

PCB金手指表面变色研究(英文)

对印制电路板(PCB)金手指表面变色进行研究,通过对铜原子扩散的分析,解释了PCB金手指表面变色的原因,即铜原子扩散到PCB金手指表面而被氧化;另外,通过分析铜原子在PCB金手指表面的扩散的内在驱动力,并利用菲克定律结合实际条件得出铜在PCB金手指表面的扩散流量和浓度分布表达式,为在实际运用中防止铜原子在PCB金手指表面的扩散提供了理论依据。     

An Easily Implemented Generalised Inverse Gaussian Generator

Using the ‘ratio’ method an easily implemented algorithm is derived for the generalised inverse Gaussian distribution. Computer timings and efficiency calculations show that the procedure is fast over a wide range of distribution parameter values.     

Uncertainties in Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Perchloroethylene: II. Comparison of Model Predictions with Data for a Variety of Different Parameters

In this paper we compare expectations derived from 10 different human physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for perchloroethylene with data on absorption via inhalation, and concentrations in alveolar air and venous blood. Our most interesting finding is that essentially all of the models show a time pattern of departures of predictions of air and blood levels relative to experimental data that might be corrected by more sophisticated model structures incorporating either (a) heterogeneity of the fat compartment (with respect to either perfusion or partition coefficients or both) or (b) intertissue diffusion of perchloroethylene between the fat and muscle/VRG groups. Similar types of corrections have recently been proposed to reduce analogous anomalies in the fits of pharmacokinetic models to the data for several volatile anesthetics.^(17-20) A second finding is that models incorporating resting values for alveolar ventilation in the region of 5.4 L/min seemed to be most compatible with the most reliable set of perchloroethylene uptake data.     

浅谈科技示范户在农技推广体系中的作用——全椒县发展科技示范户的实践与思考

在科学技术高速发展的今天,必须推进农业科学技术的转化与应用。全椒县建立了以科技示范户为辐射点的农技推广新路子,使科技示范户成为科技引进的尖兵、科技推广的桥梁、科技示范的骨干、科技试验的助手、科技致富的样楹;成为农技推广体系中的重要组成部分。同时本文也探讨了科技示范户的形成与发展、教育与培训、管理与扶持等问题,籍以引起在实际操作中的思考。     

中国商品市场景气研究

由于市场中买卖双方信息的不对称,商品市场在运行的过程中容易出现供求的巨幅波动。景气指数可以有效地监控经济运行的波动情况,并对经济运行的转折点做出预报。本文挑选出反映我国商品市场发展各个方面特点的23个指标,选用中国商品市场2001年1月至2007年6月共78个月的数据进行分析。结果显示,景气指数较好的反映了我国商品市场的运行情况,为准确判断和预测中国商品市场的运行提供了可靠的依据。     

糖酵解反应模型双曲型反应-扩散方程的稳定性和化学振荡

研究了糖酵解反应模型（修正Ｓｅｌｋｏｖ模型）双曲型反应－扩散方程的稳定性和化学振荡．与抛物型方程的结果比较表明，抛物型系统是双曲型系统当反应－扩散数增至无穷大时的特殊情况；双曲型系统不存在波速可能趋于无穷大的问题；二者的稳定性区域存在很大区别；双曲型系统更适合于用来研究糖酵解反应中的化学振荡．     

Movers as early adopters of linguistic innovation

Long‐distance migration is a primary source of language contact. Those who voluntarily migrate, though, may not resemble the broader population: psychological research suggests some factors that predispose people to become migrants also tend to lead to more openness to trying new things, potentially including linguistic features. This implies differential reactions to language contact, so inferences drawn from migrants may not generalize to the language‐contact process more generally. To test this hypothesis, this article examines lexical patterns in the 1940 United States census, focusing on who used the title mortician or funeral director rather than the traditional undertaker. Individuals who had moved from their state of birth were particularly likely to use the newer terms, even when explicitly controlling for the distribution of titles among the states from which the movers relocated. The personal characteristics leading people to encounter new linguistic environments may also independently affect their choices within those environments.     

Dialect change in South‐East Norway and the role of attitude in diffusion

A common claim in the literature is that the local dialects in South‐East Norway are being leveled towards the dialect of the upper social classes in Oslo. A meta‐analysis of previous studies on dialect change in this region demonstrates that this assertion is incorrect, and that linguistic features have diffused from the dialect of the lower social classes in Oslo. Attitude studies show that people in South‐East Norway have strongly negative views on the upper Oslo speech community, and this can largely explain why they do not adopt new linguistic features from this community. Within Oslo, however, linguistic features diffuse from the upper classes down to the lower classes, and the overall picture that can be drawn from these diffusion patterns is that the lower‐class dialect of Oslo is spreading its features outwards from the capital, at the same time as it is gradually disappearing as a distinct sociolect. Det er vanleg å hevda at dei lokale målføra i Søraust‐Noreg vert tiljamna talemålet i dei øvre sosiale laga i Oslo. Ein metaanalyse av tidlegare språkendringsundersøkingar i dette området syner at den påstanden ikkje er rett, og at måldrag i staden spreier seg frå talemålet i dei lægre sosiale laga i Oslo. Haldningsundersøkingar syner at folk i Søraust‐Noreg tykkjer ille om dei frå dei øvre sosiale laga i Oslo, og då kan dét vera mykje av grunnen til at dei ikkje tek imot nye måldrag frå talemålet deira heller. Men innanfor Oslo spreier måldraga seg frå dei øvre til dei lægre sosiale laga, og hovudbiletet frå desse observasjonane vert då at måldrag frå talemålet i dei lægre sosiale laga i Oslo spreier seg utetter Søraust‐Noreg samstundes som det same talemålet noko om senn vert borte i hovudstaden. [Norwegian]     

网络编辑与文化传播

数字化时代 ,网络编辑对各类文化信息的传播起着重要作用。网络编辑工作的超链接式管理、编辑文化信息的特点 ,可以实现文化信息的关联和快速获取 ;数据库化编辑特点使得文化信息容量巨大 ,保证了信息的大量储存 ;编辑信息迅速及时则加快了信息的传播速度。可见网络编辑活动的最终目的还是传播文化。