数字时代的管理革命

在数字时代,如何认识技术的进步、信息的功能及新经济的性质,不论对政府管理,还是对企业管理都是非常重要的问题。要高度重视电子技术与信息技术发展带来的机遇与挑战,制定相应的对策。     

Translating the Politics of Food Sovereignty: Digging into Contradictions,Uncovering New Dimensions

Abstract

Food sovereignty, as a movement and a set of ideas, is coming of age. Rooted in resistance to free trade and the globalizing force of neoliberalism, the concept has inspired collective action across the world. We examine what has changed since food sovereignty first emerged on the international scene and reflect on insight from new terrain where the movement has expanded. We argue that to advance the theory and practice of food sovereignty, new frameworks and analytical methods are needed to move beyond binaries—between urban and rural, gender equality and the family farm, trade and localism, and autonomy and engagement with the state. A research agenda in food sovereignty must not shy away from the rising contradictions in and challenges to the movement. The places of seeming contradiction may in fact be where the greatest insights are to be found. We suggest that by taking a relational perspective, scholars can begin to draw insight into the challenges and sticking points of food sovereignty by training their lens on shifts in the global food regime, on the efforts to construct sovereignty at multiple scales, and on the points of translation where food sovereignty is articulated through historical memory, identity, and everyday life.     

Minority government and marginal members: new issues for political and policy legitimacy in Australia

A steady decline in major party support in Commonwealth nations has resulted in changing parliamentary compositions, including the growing prevalence of minority government. Such situations pose new questions for notions of government legitimacy within Westminster systems. For instance, is negotiation with cross-benchers an example of government illegitimacy? What is the legitimate role of non-ministerial members when the composition of parliament gives them the final say on the enabling legislation for public policy? What is the legitimate response of the public sector regarding policy-making in the context of minority government? In this paper, we reflect on how a ‘marginal member’ concept can provide new insights into such issues and their implications.     

From Indymedia to Anonymous: rethinking action and identity in digital cultures

The period following the social mobilizations of 2011 has seen a renewed focus on the place of communication in collective action, linked to the increasing importance of digital communications. Framed in terms of personalized ‘connective action’ or the social morphology of networks, these analyses have criticized previously dominant models of ‘collective identity’, arguing that collective action needs to be understood as ‘digital networking’. These influential approaches have been significantly constructed as a response to models of communication and action evident in the rise of Independent Media Centres in the period following 1999. After considering the rise of the ‘digital networking’ paradigm linked to analyses of Indymedia, this article considers the emergence of the internet-based collaboration known as Anonymous, focusing on its origins on the 4chan manga site and its 2008 campaign against Scientology, and also considers the ‘I am the 99%’ microblog that emerged as part of the Occupy movement. The emergence of Anonymous highlights dimensions of digital culture such as the ephemeral, the importance of memes, an ethic of lulz, the mask and the grotesque. These forms of communication are discussed in the light of dominant attempts to shape digital space in terms of radical transparency, the knowable and the calculable. It is argued that these contrasting approaches may amount to opposing social models of an emerging information society, and that the analysis of contemporary conflicts and mobilizations needs to be alert to novel forms of communicative practice at work in digital cultures today.     

Mean Time to Failure of Weighted k-out-of-n: G Systems

The purpose of this article is to develop a Monte-Carlo simulation algorithm for computing mean time to failure (MTTF) of weighted-k-out-of-n:G and linear consecutive-weighted-k-out-of-n:G systems. Our algorithm is based on the use of appropriately defined stochastic process which represents the total weight of the system at time t. These stochastic processes are explicitly defined and used along with the ordered component lifetimes to simulate MTTF of the systems with weighted components.     

论虚拟参考咨询服务

虚拟参考咨询服务主要有电子邮件、FAQ、实时虚拟、合作虚拟等四种咨询服务模式。目前国内虚拟参考咨询服务还不够普及，还有很大发展空间，其趋势朝网络信息化和全球合作化发展。     

新中国选举制度建设的实践和经验——纪念人民代表大会制度建立60周年

新中国的选举制度是在总结民主革命时期根据地和解放区的选举经验、建国初期民主建政经验的基础上,借鉴苏联的选举制度,根据我国当时的具体情况建立起来的.第一部选举法的制定,标志着新中国选举制度的诞生.第二部选举法的制定和对第二部选举法的五次修正,发展和完善了我国选举制度.我国选举制度建设的经验主要体现在六个“坚持”上,即坚持对党对选举制度建设的领导,坚持社会主义政治价值观,坚持从实际出发着眼于实际的民主,坚持国家立法与地方立法并举,坚持社会主义民主法治原则,坚持整体推进、重点突出、单项突破和地方先行.     

西部农村公共产品供给短缺的体制缺陷与创新

我国西部农村公共产品供给短缺有多方面的原因,其中体制缺陷的主要原因在于:公共财政的公共受益性不强、行政管理事业费用增长过快、财政转移支付的层级过多、农民消费主体参与表达机制不建全、公共产品供给的监督和管理薄弱。对此,通过强化公共财政的公共受益性、压缩行政管理层级和规模、深化国有垄断性行业企业改革、开辟多样式的公共产品供给渠道、构建政府与村民互动协调机制以及完善公共产品供给监管机制等体制创新,促进西部农村公共产品供给。     

The use of analytical methods and tools in international negotiations: A practitioner's perspective

This paper presents a practitioner's perspective on the use of systematic analytical techniques to improve the practice of international negotiations, primarily in a multilateral context. A generic model of the negotiation process is presented and the utility of various analytical methodologies is evaluated against the component functions described by the model. Overall, analytical tools for negotiation support are viewed as most useful in the prenegotiation phase. Conclusions are based primarily on practical experience, not on theories of negotiation.     

Availability analysis for general repairable systems with repair time threshold

Availability analysis is an important issue in many practical fields. This paper investigates the availability for general repairable systems with repair time threshold. Based on practical applications, a repair time threshold is introduced. If the period of a repair is less than a predefined time threshold, then the system may be considered as working during this period, i.e., the effect of the repair could be neglected. Otherwise, if the period of a repair is longer than the given threshold, then the system is considered as working from the beginning of the system failure until the repair time exceeding the threshold, i.e., the time point of the system down could be delayed. We consider both constant and random repair time threshold. This paper valuates the user-perceived availability, when the user does not experience any service interruption because the duration of repair is too short. The results can be applied in reliability engineering, queueing theory and many other fields. A numerical example for ventilator system is presented to demonstrate the application of the developed approach.