屈原和李斯不同的人生抉择及其内在必然性剖析

通过对战国中后期沉浮于政治舞台的两位楚国政治家屈原与李斯不同的出身血统、阶级地位和思想观念的比较 ,用历史唯物主义的观点、立场和方法 ,剖析了两人在身处逆境、政治失意时作出不同人生抉择的深层原因和内在必然性     

Assessing Poisson variation of intestinal tumour multiplicity in mice carrying a Robertsonian translocation

Summary.  Tumour multiplicity is a frequently measured phenotype in animal studies of cancer biology. Poisson variation of this measurement represents a biological and statistical reference point that is usually violated, even in highly controlled experiments, owing to sources of variation in the stochastic process of tumour formation. A recent experiment on murine intestinal tumours presented conditions which seem to generate Poisson-distributed tumour counts. If valid, this would support a claim about mechanisms by which the adenomatous polyposis coli gene is inactivated during tumour initiation. In considering hypothesis testing strategies, model choice and Bayesian approaches, we quantify the positive evidence favouring Poisson variation in this experiment. Statistical techniques used include likelihood ratio testing, the Bayes and Akaike information criteria, negative binomial modelling, reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and posterior predictive checking. The posterior approximation that is based on the Bayes information criterion is found to be quite accurate in this small n case-study.     

新闻语言的审美选择

新闻语言的审美进择,就是新闻作者在新闻写作中,从审美意图出发,选择语言表达实体,并运用审美框架形式建构新闻语言系统。新闻语言的审美选择包括三个方面:新闻作品词语的审美选择,新闻作品句式的审美选择,新闻作品语篇的审美选择。     

几类可积的非线性常微分方程及二维变系数线性微分系统的求解

本文借助文[1]、[4]的重要结论,采用[2]、[3]、[4]的有关技巧和作变量替换的方法,给出了几类可积的非线性常微分方程及二维变系数线性微分系统,并给出了求解的方法及通积分的表达式。     

论民族国家及其选择的多向性

自近代工业文明以来 ,世界始终并行着两个矛盾的趋势 :一方面是各国各民族之间经济联系的不断加强 ,一直延续到今天全球化的所向披靡 ;另一方面是民族之间和国家之间越来越突出的分道扬镳和由此而出现的主权民族国家持续稳步的增多。民族成分单一或比较单一的国家与民族成分复杂的国家相比较 ,前者经济发展水平普遍较高 ,以至于列宁和斯大林将这种“民族国家”称为“正常的国家形式”。然而 ,我们也应该看到 ,历史进程的实际选择是多向的。在多元、多层和多向的全球化进程中 ,各国必须把握时代特征 ,发现、挖掘、尊重和发挥多样性的优势 ,这是国家特别是多民族国家健康发展的重要保证。     

Maximizing Revenue Through Two‐Dimensional Shelf‐Space Allocation

We consider the problem of optimally allocating contiguous rectangular presentation spaces in order to maximize revenues. Such problems are encountered in the arrangement of products in retail shelf‐space and in the design of feature advertising displays or webpages. Specifically, we allow (i) the shape of a product's presentation to have a vertical as well as a horizontal component and (ii) displays to extend across multiple shelves for in‐store presentations. Since the vertical location of the shelf on which a product is displayed affects its sales, each vertical location is assigned its own effectiveness with regard to revenue generation. The problem of maximizing the total weighted revenue of a display is strongly NP‐hard. Therefore, we decompose it into two subproblems. The first consists of allocating products to different cabinets. In the second, within each cabinet, each product's units are arranged in a contiguous rectangle and assigned a location. These subproblems are solved using an innovative approach that uses a combination of integer programming and an algorithm for the maximum‐weight independent set problem. Based on computational studies on both real‐world and simulated data, we demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach. Specifically, the revenue generated by this scheme is within 1% of the optimum for actual data and within 5% for simulated data.     

CLIENTS ROLE CHOICES: UNEXPLORED FACTORS IN INTERVENTION DECISIONS

The role of the client in social work interventions has not been extensively explored in the professional literature. However, the client role varies significantly in different models of care and carries vast differences in the expectations and behaviors required of clients in the process. Clients’ individual characteristics, preferences, and expectations make them better suited to some approaches than others. This paper explores the change in perspectives on consumers emerging in the field and analyzes client role factors in four intervention models. It will also discuss the “fit” between the client and the particular approach as well as implications for outcomes and evidence-based practice.     

论正当防卫的刑法价值选择

刑法价值选择是构筑刑法的基本理论,刑法实现其保障人权和保护社会的两大功能,所采用的手段是实施刑罚制裁犯罪。但刑罚制裁手段的不足与缺陷,是滞后性与消极性。出于对效率的选择,正当防卫弥补了刑罚适用的真空,反映了对功利价值的选择。但是单纯从功利出发的“无过当防卫”无法体现刑法价值公正与功利、事理与情理的统一,无法真正实现刑法机能。我国现代化发展中犯罪态势与刑法改革中的“重刑”与“强化防卫”仍是功利主义的选择;刑法的价值——尤其是市场经济条件下市民刑法价值未获充分体现,在刑法适用方面,如何防治犯罪,实现刑法价值仍当从长计议。     

和谐视阈下我国小产权房处置陷入困境的症结及路径选择

在当前稳定压倒一切的政治语境下,如何对小产权房进行妥善处置,成为当前政府面临的现实难题。对于小产权房的处置应当理性对待,不能纠结于＂强拆＂还是＂转正＂这一非此即彼的传统处置模式。在构建和谐社会的视阈下,应当根据小产权房的不同情形采取区别对待的处置思路：其一,根据不同利益主体采取不同措施。对违法建造小产权房者应依法追究其责任,对购房者则应在一定程度上给予赔偿;其二,根据小产权房占用不同的土地类型采取不同措施。对于非法占用耕地或基本农田违法违规开发建设的小产权房应坚决予以取缔;其三,对那些在宅基地或农村集体建设用地上建设的小产权房,尽量做到合法处置和合理利用。     

法律演化的系统论阐释

演化理论应当回答演化如何启动,又如何持续进展的问题。法律系统的演化,是在系统封闭性运作并维持规范性期望的过程中展开,正因如此,法律系统的演化受到环境的激扰但是不受环境的决定,演化是取决于系统本身的事实进程。卢曼系统论受到达尔文生物演化论的启发,将法律系统类比于生物系统,强调了演化本身的动态性,但是,卢曼弱化了环境在自然选择过程中的重要性,注重演化过程中的系统变异、选择与再稳定机制,最终强调了演化的非目的性、非决定性和非必然性。具体而言,法律演化理论包括演化何以可能、何以展开以及如何走向未来三个层面。