非对称信息、信贷配给与中小企业间接融资缺口的经济学分析

中小企业在我国经济建设中起着不可低估的作用,为我国的经济发展做出了巨大的贡献。然而,由于中小企业和银行之间存在着信息的非对称性,从而导致银行在信贷市场上面临着严重的道德风险和逆向选择。银行由此对中小企业实施信贷配给,致使中小企业融资难,通过建立中小企业间接融资缺口模型来证实这一问题,并由此做出相应的经济学分析。     

对城市公用事业市场化改革道路的探讨

当前我国公用事业改革和发展,落后于我国整体的改革和发展步伐。我国城市公用事业现行体制存在的问题主要表现为政企合一、权责不清,生产经营的低效率,成本高、经营效益差,投资主体单一等。同时公用事业自身具备通过市场化来运营的特征和有利条件,因此可以采用特许经营、资本市场融资、BOT项目融资等方式作为其市场化改革的途径。在改革的过程中,必须正确理解公用事业的市场化改革,统筹兼顾,全面推进,逐步深化,坚持普遍服务的原则,特别要注意保护弱势群体的权益。因此城市公用事业改革不能完全按照市场经济的规律运作。     

当代跨国公司撤资理论及其新发展

在经济全球化时代，要适应各国经济环境和市场条件的不断变化，跨国公司必须将对外投资的规模和结构进行适当的调整。撤出对某一国家或地区的投资，与维持和增加对另一国家或地区的投资一样，都是跨国公司全球经营战略的重要组成部分。适时撤资的战略可以促进企业资源的优化配置，有利于恢复乃至加强公司的竞争优势。本文对跨国公司撤资理论及其新发展进行了评述。     

广州城市发展的资金来源与对策分析

广州被中央定位为五大国家中心城市之一，明确了广州的城市定位和发展方向。广州必须进行经济发展方式的转变和投资，以实现国家中心城市所具备的指标。因此，如何解决巨额投资资金来源急需探讨。本文分析广州融资体系的现状，提出广州需建立一个传统模式和资本市场新模式双结合的现代融资体系。     

俄语引语现象思辨——Л·Петрушевская短篇小说中的引语研究

对Л.Петрушевская短篇小说中新出现的引语现象,运用已有的俄语引语研究成果无力做出解释。中俄学界与欧美学界在引语研究领域有一些概念上的不同认识和理解,通过对其进行必要的分析,并借鉴欧美及国内英语学界在该领域及相关领域的研究成果,可以在一定程度上解决这些新问题。而在此基础上所提出的俄语引语的新体系：直接式引语和间接式引语;语境型引语和功能型引语,能够较为全面地解释Л.Петрушевская及俄罗斯其他后现代作家作品中出现的新的引语现象。     

论逐步扩大直接选举的范围

选举就是选民选择自己的代理人的过程。过多层次的间接选举不利于提高代表机关的代表性。要提高我国的政治文明程度,人大制度就有必要与时俱进,朝着使广大基层群众能享有更多知情权、表达权的方向,朝着高层领导更易于了解基层实情的方向进行改革和完善,在条件成熟的时候逐步扩大直接选举的范围。     

刑事附带民事诉讼的赔偿范围

刑事附带民事诉讼是我国一项特殊且重要的诉讼制度，在司法实践中很有必要。然而，由于立法的不完善且随着人们对诉讼引发的深入研究和我国诉讼法实践的不断发展，此制度的弊端也不断暴露出来，引起了众多的争议。因此，有必要适时地对这一程序制度进行修改，使之具有科学性、合理性和可操作性，以充分体现诉讼效益原则和诉讼经济原则，实现刑事审判理论和实际的有效统一。     

中小企业融资难的现状、原因及若干对策建议

目前中小企业融资难是比较突出的问题,究其原因既有现有政策的缺陷和受市场环境的影响,也和中小企业自身条件有关。因而解决中小企业融资难的问题,既要完善相关政策,拓宽融资渠道,中小企业自身也要创造条件以适应融资需要。     

Exploring Policy and Financing Options for Long-Term Care in Taiwan

Summary

Policy and financing arrangements for long-term care are important themes in each country and/or region, and Taiwan, with its unique historic and politico-economic background, can be regarded as a bridge between well-developed and under-developed countries. Policy formulation about long-term care in Taiwan involves several agencies in the government, including Ministry of Health, Interior Affairs, Education, Insurance Bureau, and Economic Council, and formulation of policy objectives has progressed considerably in the last five years. Financing arrangements are less well-developed because the National Health Insurance Program began only in 1995, and most long-term care is not yet covered. As demand for long-term care exceeds supply, and this gap will grow in future, current resource allocation measures are concerned to facilitate the expansion of community care rather than allowing institutional care to absorb more resources. Developing future financing options is now a central task for policymaking, and government must continue to take a leading role in consolidating financing and integrating the service systems.     

Controlled Direct and Mediated Effects: Definition,Identification and Bounds

Abstract. Results are given which provide bounds for controlled direct effects when nounmeasured confounding assumptions required for the identification of these effects do not hold. Previous results concerning bounds for controlled direct effects rely on monotonicity relationships between the treatment, mediator and the outcome themselves; the results presented in this article instead assume that monotonicity relationships hold between the unmeasured confounding variable or variables and the treatment, mediator and outcome. Whereas prior results give bounds that contain the null hypothesis of no direct effect, the results presented here will in many instances yield bounds that do not contain the null hypothesis of no direct effect. For contexts in which a set of variables intercepts all paths between a treatment and an outcome, it is possible to provide a definition for a controlled mediated effect. We discuss the identification of these controlled mediated effects; the bounds for controlled direct effects are applicable also to controlled mediated effects. An example is given to illustrate how the results in the article can be used to draw inferences about direct and mediated effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding variables.