灾难恢复规划在证券业中的应用

随着证券业信息系统大集中趋势的纵深发展,证券核心业务的业务连续性和灾难恢复问题已被越来越多的证券公司关注,并开始实践。本文介绍了灾难恢复规划的原理和方法,并结合在证券行业中的实际应用,详细论述了灾难恢复规划的风险分析、恢复策略、测试与培训、规划与维护等内容。     

重大突发公共卫生事件背景下人道主义供应链管理研究进展

重大突发公共卫生事件发生后，为了降低病毒传播风险，减轻事件带来的负面影响，如何设计高效的人道主义供应链显得尤为重要。首先，从生活物资、医疗物资和疫苗三个维度，梳理了重大突发公共卫生事件背景下应急物资管理研究进展。其次，从路径规划、选址-运输两个方面，总结了重大突发公共卫生事件背景下灾害垃圾管理研究现状。再次，根据任务类别，剖析了重大突发公共卫生事件背景下人力资源管理研究现状。最后，从顶层设计、应急物资、灾害垃圾、人力资源管理四个方面，给出了人道主义供应链管理未来的研究方向。结果表明：在重大突发公共卫生事件背景下，人道主义供应链管理顶层设计、应急物资管理体系数字化转型升级路径、基于全局与多主体视角的灾害垃圾管理问题、基于多维度的社会力量管理问题都是未来值得研究的主题。     

Improving fire risk communication between authorities and micro-entrepreneurs: A mental models study of Ghanaian central market fires

This study conceptualizes how fire management authorities can empower nonexpert public to participate in fire risk communication processes and increase their own responsibilities for managing fire preventive, protective and recovery processes effectively. Drawing narratives from 10 disaster management experts working at government institutions and nine micro-entrepreneurs operating self-sustaining businesses in different merchandized lines in Ghana, we analyzed the data thematically and explored new insights on mental models to generate a two-way fire risk communication model. The findings suggest that fire management authorities planned fire disasters at the strategic level, collaborated with multiple stakeholders, disseminated information through many risk communication methods, and utilized their capabilities to manage fire at the various stages of fire risk communication, but the outcomes were poor. The micro-entrepreneurs sought to improve fire management outcomes through attitude change, law enforcement actions, strengthened security and better public trust building. The study has implications for policymakers, governments, and risk communication authorities of developing countries to strengthen their fire disaster policies to minimize commercial fire incidents and address the damaging effects of fire on people's livelihoods, businesses, properties, and environments. Our proposed two-way fire risk communication model is a new theoretical lens for experts and the nonexpert public to assess each other's beliefs about risk information and manage fire risk communication effectively at all stages.     

基于全生命周期的妇女灾害社会工作创新

灾害对女性冲击最大，需要社会工作者为其提供专业服务，但相关专业服务少见且集中于灾后重建阶段，大大削弱了社工专业“助人之助”之特性。基于全生命周期的妇女灾害社会工作模型是一个全过程动态均衡的服务过程。就“全生命—全过程”而言，目前灾害社会工作缺乏对妇女全生命与全过程的细致服务。就“女权主义—性别平等”而言，社会工作者需要在女权活动中发挥更加积极作用，这也是衡量服务成效的重要指标。就“危机—转机”而言，灾害期间妇女面临生计机会丧失、救济资源缺乏、性骚扰、性暴力与社会排斥等，但也可能使女性主义与女权主义受到更多关注。就“心理—社区”而言，社会工作者需要从社区层面唤醒妇女集体意识，它是资源匮乏国家与地区应对灾害的不可或缺的服务方法。就“脆弱性—恢复力”而言，灾害提高了妇女群体的脆弱性，恢复力有可能抵消妇女群体脆弱性。尽管这一理论模型还存在概念重叠、内涵宽泛、操作复杂与多学科交叉不足等局限，但它为灾害社会工作提供了新的理论支撑、范式整合与实践启发。     

Humanitarian Funding in a Multi‐Donor Market with Donation Uncertainty

This study analyzes the trade‐off between funding strategies and operational performance in humanitarian operations. If a Humanitarian Organization (HO) offers donors the option of earmarking their donations, HO should expect an increase in total donations. However, earmarking creates constraints in resource allocation that negatively affect HO's operational performance. We study this trade‐off from the perspective of a single HO that maximizes its expected utility as a function of total donations and operational performance. HO implements disaster response and development programs and it operates in a multi‐donor market with donation uncertainty. Using a model inspired by Scarf's minimax approach and the newsvendor framework, we analyze the strategic interaction between HO and its donors. The numerical section is based on real data from 15 disasters during the period 2012–2013. We find that poor operational performance has a larger effect on HO's utility function when donors are more uncertain about HO's expected needs for disaster response. Interestingly, increasing the public awareness of development programs helps HO to get more non‐earmarked donations for disaster response. Increasing non‐earmarked donations improves HO's operational efficiency, which mitigates the impact of donation uncertainty on HO's utility function.     

生态文明建设视角下凉山彝族灾害文化探究

凉山彝区地貌多样、气候多变的复杂环境，该地区旱、涝、雹、雷、震等自然灾害频发，也孕育了凉山彝族独特的灾害文 化。凉山彝族灾害文化主要表现在民间信仰、毕摩文献、生产生活等诸多层面。通过加强灾害文化教育不断强化生态观的传 承，挖掘彝族灾害文化，完善具有自身特色的防灾减灾体系；通过不断发展多元的产业，实现生态产品价值，为凉山彝族生计的 多样化提供新出路，提高减灾抗灾能力，为凉山彝区生态文明建设贡献生态智慧。     

神话、仪式与生态：凉山彝族的禳灾表述

凉山彝族灾难观的形成与其神话传统、仪式实践以及生态伦理有着密切的关系。神话解释了灾难的起源与肇因，将灾难归咎于道德观念的失范与生态格局的失序。仪式为灾难的禳解提供了神圣路径，以自然崇拜和鬼魂观念为信仰核心，体现了彝人在与自然的长期相处中形成的生存策略和发展之道。生态伦理则在社会、心理两方面奠定了应灾的基础与策略。这使得彝人面对自然灾害时，在文学、仪式以及身体实践三个层面，形成了一套文学人类学意义上的禳灾表述传统，亦可称为减灾实践的“地方性知识”。作为中国多民族的传统文化资源，这样的表述值得进一步关注和开掘。