Natural disaster preparedness in college students: Implications for institutions of higher learning

Objective: There is growing interest in the effectiveness of disaster preparedness at universities. Although several studies have examined student preparedness perceptions, a better understanding of factors that may influence actual preparedness is needed. Participants: Seven hundred sixty-five undergraduate and graduate students at a southeastern U.S. university completed an online survey in September 2013. Methods: Participants were administered an online survey that included questions regarding disaster preparedness and their experiences with disasters. Results: Students' disaster concern was more related to perceived preparedness over actual preparedness; disaster experience significantly predicted both actual and perceived preparedness. Perceived university preparedness was a significant predictor of disaster concern. Conclusion: The results suggest that perceived and actual preparedness are related but not entirely equivalent, which emphasizes the importance of differentiating the two constructs. Limitations of the current study and recommendations for future research are provided.     

环境挑战与对策

雾霾等大气污染、水危机、固体废弃物的资源环境污染问题,以及环境灾害和气候变化问题已经引起全社会的关注。日益凸显的生态环境问题与不可持续的生产和消费方式密切相关;解决环境问题的必由之路是新能源和可再生能源利用、系统角度的能源和资源节约、全生命周期的资源循环利用和创新理念与高新技术的应用。     

Out of Sight,Out of Mind? Geographic and Social Predictors of Flood Risk Awareness

The persistent gap in flood risk awareness in Canada, and elsewhere in North America, is a continual source of worry for researchers and emergency managers; many people living in at‐risk places are simply unaware of risks and of their proximity to hazards. This study seeks to understand which residents were aware of flood risk, using unique representative survey data of Calgary residents living in the city's flood‐prone neighborhoods collected after the devastating and costly 2013 Southern Alberta Flood. The article uses logistic regression models to analyze which residents were aware of risk to their homes. Findings indicate that, in addition to various demographic predictors, many of the geographic predictors (including the elevation of one's home relative to the river) are significant predictors of awareness. Having a direct sight line to one of Calgary's two rivers is also a significant predictor in some of the models, suggesting that the visibility of hazards matters for flood risk perception, although this effect fades when many of the geographic predictors are added. Finally, the models indicate that several variables related to local, neighborhood‐based social networks are significant as well. These findings reveal that both physical surroundings and social context are important for understanding risk awareness. The article concludes by discussing the relevance for social science research on disasters and hazards, as well as for planners and emergency managers.     

国产灾难电影发展阶段及研究热点

灾难电影一般指将重大的自然与人为灾难作为表现对象的电影。灾难电影作为西方电影界一种重要电影类型,以震撼的视觉冲击力与娱乐效应赢得极高的票房价值与观众群,具有极高的商业与艺术价值。国产灾难电影在我国可分三个发展阶段,近年呈较快发展态势,汶川地震以来已成为创作热点。《唐山大地震》引起了学界对国产灾难片的热切关注,其创作经验及研究状况需要梳理、总结与关注。     

Information Diffusion among Agents: Implications for Humanitarian Operations

The basis for this article is an information‐processing view of the UN's cluster approach. We use agent‐based modeling and simulations to show that clusters, if properly utilized, encourage better information flow and thus facilitate effective response to disasters. The article intends to turn the attention of the humanitarian community to the importance of sharing information and the role of cluster leads in facilitating humanitarian aid. Our results indicate that if cluster leads act as information hubs, information reaches its target faster, enabling a prompt humanitarian response. In addition, we show that information quality is critical for effective resource utilization—if cluster leads filter information, it moves faster. We also found evidence that the willingness to exchange information plays a larger role in transmitting information than that of an information hub, particularly during later stages of response operations.     

社会工作介入灾害救援机制研究——以5．12汶川大地震为例

本文基于“社会工作介入灾害救援机制影响其介入救援的功能与作用发挥”的假设,通过对灾区群众、社会工作服务组织负责人、社会工作者及当地政府相关工作人员的问卷调查和个案访谈收集资料,分析了当前社会工作介入灾害救援机制的内容、状况、特征及不足,探讨了社会工作介入灾害救援机制的构建原则、内容及策略。     

洋务派防灾救荒思想与实践述略

洋务运动时期,恰逢“清末灾害群发期”进入高潮阶段。针对灾害频发引致的严重灾荒,洋务派一方面对传统灾异观展开批判,另一方面从自然和社会两方面入手思考灾荒成因,并尽力探求救治对策,同时他们当中的实权派在各自辖区内尽力将有关的荒政主张付诸实践,取得了较好的防灾救荒效果。     

数字农业防灾的组织架构与模式选择——基于河南省农业灾害历史与现状的思考

以河南省为例,分析其农业灾害的历史、现状与特点。构想以数字技术为基础,通过现代化手段进行灾害信息采集、传递及共享的数字农业防灾模式,探讨其主要构成:农业灾害数字监测体系、农业灾害数字通讯网络体系、农业灾害数据存储处理体系、农业灾害数字应急指挥体系的组织架构。     

南京市内涝灾害成因分析

近些年来,随着城市化进程的加快,城市内涝灾害日趋严重。利用水文学、地理学、规划学等学科的相关理论,分析南京市内涝灾害的成因。导致南京内涝灾害频繁的原因主要有：地形复杂,自然排水不畅;城市化导致南京市的年降雨量、汛期雨量、大雨和暴雨的发生频率增加;城市下垫面条件的改变导致地表径流量增加,汇流时间缩短;城市规划上的不足降低了城市对内涝灾害的承灾能力,城市化加重了城市涝灾的危害程度。     

新中国建立前后苏北行政区的救灾与生产

新中国建立前后（1949—1952年）,苏北行政区发生严重自然灾害,连续几年,民众生活极其困难。在中央政府和华东局的领导下,苏北行政区党政领导机关和各级领导部门采取有力措施,充分发动群众,开展生产救灾,取得了恢复生产、发展经济的良好成绩。