“Todo ha sido a pulmón”: Community organizing after disaster in Puerto Rico

ABSTRACT

In this Notes from the Field, we highlight the work of community based organizations that filled essential gaps in the disaster recovery efforts in Puerto Rico for communities that were heavily damaged by Hurricane Maria yet received little formal government aid. We describe community mobilizing and organizing efforts and identify key lessons for eco-social work practice. As disaster risk increases with climate change, community led efforts are likely to prove vital for the effective protection of the most vulnerable population groups.     

Disabled people and disaster management in New Zealand: examining online media messages

This article explores how disability and disabled people were portrayed in New Zealand online media between 2006 and 2016, with specific reference to disasters. Following a process of content analysis, the findings indicated that post disaster, persistent advocacy was required and ensuring accessibility, immediately following a disaster as well as in the recovery phase, was a significant issue. Disabled people were also primarily presented as a vulnerable cohort and the wide-ranging issues highlighted in the media suggest they currently have minimal voice in the four disaster management stages of risk reduction, readiness, response and recovery. This article emphasises the utilisation of relationships, skills and knowledge between individuals and Disabled People’s Organisations to strengthen the disability and disaster management discourse and activity. Increased inclusion of disabled people across all phases of disaster management will assist with the New Zealand government meeting its aspiration of a non-disabling society, especially during future disaster events.     

易色修辞格的社会心理依托

作为一种修辞方法，易色修辞格表现了中国式的幽默，也是中国人放松心情调侃人生的一种方式。广泛存在于日常生活和文学作品中，带有丰厚的传统文化信息。中国古代哲学追求精神的高蹈超越，相信祸福相依、祸福互化的观念是易色修辞格的文化依据。     

Aid relief in Haiti after the earthquake: Haitians’ preferences for food and other basic commodities

The earthquake that struck Haiti at the start of 2010 led to impressive international solidarity in the recovery effort. Despite the tons of aid sent to Haiti, relatively little is known about the effectiveness of the aid or about the continuing needs of the Haitians. Using data collected from in‐person surveys with over 1,000 Haitians in two major cities, we sought to quantify some of the impacts of the earthquake while determining people's relative preferences for food and other basic needs in the aftermath of the Haiti earthquake. The results indicate that almost two thirds of Haitians lost a friend to the earthquake, and nearly half lost a family member. People reported spending more on food in the aftermath of the earthquake, and the level of food aid received does not appear to have any impact on food expenditures. Among different types of aid, Haitians stated being most in need of a job—something difficult for international aid agencies to supply over the long run. They also indicated that quality of life would be most improved by education. The lessons learned in Haiti may prove useful in addressing future natural disasters.     

建国以来中国共产党的华侨华人救灾政策分析

新中国华侨华人救灾政策呈现出阶段性变化,在不同阶段,党和政府对华侨华人救灾的参与态度和开放程度不同,并呈现出政策优待、统筹化与法制化趋势明显、动员组织与政策激励并存、加强服务管理等特征。这一政策演变与民族情感和历史传统、主流国际救援观念、国内外形势等均有一定的关系,并在事实上对华侨华人参与新中国救灾的规模、流向、程度等方面产生了重大影响。     

明代庐州府自然灾害特征及其成因探究

明代,庐州府自然灾害频发,主要以水、旱灾害为主,并附带有蝗、风、冰雹等灾害。这些灾害给当地的社会经济生活、生产带来了巨大损失。对当时的灾情将做详细分析,并从自然、人为原因两方面探究自然灾害发生的原因。以史为鉴,希望能为今后预防和救治自然灾害提供一定的借鉴作用。     

满文蒙文旧档删改前后的清政权历史定位

本文拟就努尔哈赤天命十一年与蒙古科尔沁部王太子奥巴结盟誓词和皇太极崇德年间蒙文藏事文书档案译稿等两组史料作切入点,来解读官方编纂的汉文清太祖、清太宗两朝实录,揭示其刻意对满文蒙文旧档中的关键词语作了明显的润色与篡改,从而使以满藏蒙关系为坐标的清政权的历史定位,多处偏离历史的真实界限。     

Children with disabilities and disaster preparedness: a case study of Christchurch

An estimated seven million children with disabilities worldwide are affected by disasters annually. This significant figure emphasises the particular vulnerability of these children in facing natural hazards. However, their needs as well as their capacity and role in disaster risk reduction have largely been overlooked by researchers and policymakers. This paper draws on a case study in Christchurch to identify insights, realities, possibilities and obstacles in relation to the involvement in disaster preparedness of children with diverse disabilities. It reports on findings from focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with children who have disabilities, their teachers and caregivers to explore children's preparedness and potential responses to a disaster. The findings indicate a considerable variation in how children with disabilities access available resources and perceive, face and cope with natural hazards. This paper shows their potential contribution to disaster preparedness and provides further suggestions for policy and practice.     

减灾文化视阈下人的发展

减灾文化是人类在预防灾害、在对灾害突袭的运筹抗争中认识运用自身的思维智慧和知识能力的一切活动。人在其自身的生活世界中以自己独特的方式改造着创造着减灾文化。人既是减灾文化的创造者又是减灾文化的创造物。减灾文化实质上是人的生命存在的两种相互联结、相互作用的特征显现。人的发展在减灾文化中一般有五方面的作用:人的科学发展是减灾文化的坚实基础;人的生态发展是减灾文化的最高境界;人的能力发展是减灾文化的根本保障;人的道义发展是减灾文化的精神支柱;人的生命发展是减灾文化的崇高使命。     

应急救灾三方博弈模型研究

基于大型灾害应急救灾的特征,提出了用于研究中央政府、地方政府和灾民行为的三方博弈模型。首先证明了在满足一定的假设条件下,此三方博弈存在纳什均衡并对均衡点进行分析,其次,研究了此模型框架下的道德风险问题,指出由于政府和灾民的相互不信任导致救灾效率未达到帕累托最优,并同时给出改进效率的一些建议,最后对此三方博弈模型的优缺点进行分析。