电视媒介灾害信息传播考察

灾害事件发生后,电视媒介及时传递灾害信息,积极引导社会舆论,在灾害救助中发挥了重要作用。电视媒介灾害信息传播主要有电视新闻、电视评论、电视访谈、电视广告、电视服务类节目、电视晚会等六种形式。但传播过程中还存在灾时传播和平时传播失衡、过度报道和同质报道显现、煽情报道和作秀报道时有发生等问题。做好电视媒介灾害信息传播,要注重灾害报道和平时报道的结合,要完善电视媒介灾害报道应急预案,建立电视媒介灾害信息传播运行和评价机制。     

从灾难片谈新世纪“美国电影技术悖论”现象——以《后天》和《2012》为例

进入新世纪以来,技术至上的美国电影愈加热衷于借助日新月异的科学技术来刺激观影者,但其电影叙事、主题关注、人物塑造等方面却呈现出由传统的技术崇拜向反技术崇拜的价值观转移。作为美国电影主要类型之一,灾难片在新世纪见证了“美国电影技术悖论”现象的发轫和粉墨登场。以《后天》和《2012》为例来审视电影“反技术”叙事,从技术地位在电影文本内外的嬗变、电影文本技术“能指”符号以及电影场面调度来揭橥美国灾难片中所蕴含的技术价值观,进一步对“美国电影技术悖论”现象加以界说和阐释。     

Planning to Plan: A Process to Involve Child Welfare Agencies in Disaster Preparedness Planning

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina when child welfare officials in Louisiana reported they did not know the whereabouts of all their children in foster care, disaster planning in public child welfare became a new area of concern. This article reports on a process of engaging seven public child welfare agencies in planning for disasters that could affect child safety and service delivery. The Washington Metropolitan Area Disaster Planning Project used a strengths-based approach to help agencies responsible for protecting and serving children in foster care and families at risk of abuse and neglect develop plans to augment and continue service delivery and responsiveness in the aftermath of a natural or man-made disaster. The processes of gathering information on disaster responsiveness, interviewing community and professional informants, developing a template to guide disaster planning within the agencies, and implementing a tabletop exercise are described. As a result of this consultation effort agencies became aware that disaster planning at the state and county levels had proceeded without child welfare at the table, that the increase in need for child welfare services during a disaster was not recognized by disaster professionals, and that practicing disaster responsiveness is necessary to assure readiness.     

略论事业单位改革背景下的人事档案管理

结合当前事业单位人事档案管理工作存在的问题分析,阐述了事业单位改革带来的人事档案管理新趋势,提出了事业单位人事档案工作顺应新形势改革创新的对策思考。     

Volunteerism Among Social Work Students During Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

Abstract

This study examined volunteer activities and predictors of volunteerism among graduate and undergraduate social work students (N = 416) from four universities in the Gulf Coast area following hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The convenience sample drawn from all social work students at these universities included 89% females, and 52% of the students were in a master's level program. Sixty-one percent of the respondents were African American and 31% were non-Hispanic white. The majority of students volunteered (97%) despite experiencing a range of hurricane-related stressors. Multivariate analyses yielded a regression model that best predicted heightened volunteerism, which included age, school site, previous volunteer experience, hurricane-related stressors, altruism, and increased commitment to social work values (R ² = .35). The strongest predictors of volunteerism were stressor, increased commitment to social work values, and altruism (betas = .30, .26, and .21 respectively). The findings are consistent with previous research on volunteering in times of disaster and with current thinking about posttraumatic growth .     

Disability and Disaster Recovery

Abstract

This paper examines the connections between disability and disaster from a global perspective. Concepts from the research and policy literature are used to distinguish between individual and social models of disability, and between natural hazards and human disasters. These concepts are then employed to investigate data on the response to disabled people's recovery needs in two recent case studies: the Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina. The analysis combines primary, secondary and tertiary sources to explore disability issues in the reconstruction of inclusive communities and the lessons that may be learned about disaster preparedness in poor communities. The conclusions suggest that more attention should be paid to social model approaches, particularly in understanding global links with poverty, and that disabled people's organisations should be resourced as agents of disaster recovery and preparedness.     

With the Best of Intentions

Abstract

Charities and humanitarian organisations in Singapore that were involved in post-Tsunami relief and reconstruction work are repeatedly queried by volunteers, donors, and journalists. The world has pledged and donated billions to Tsunami relief and reconstruction, and I have personally given money to Singapore charities. Why do I still read about needy people in temporary shelters? Where has the money gone? Another question reflects similar sentiments of puzzlement, even frustration: I am moved by the devastation and would like to help by volunteering my time and expertise. I have signed up to volunteer with several humanitarian organisations. I am highly qualified and could help people. Why am I still not sent overseas?

These are good questions that deserve solid answers. This article discusses the latest thinking in relief circles as to which volunteers are best sent overseas and how donations can most responsibly be used for effective and sustainable reconstruction. The authors draw on Singapore's experience with providing relief in the aftermath of the Tsunami along with Dr. Tay Keong Tan's observations of relief and rehabilitation efforts in the Tsunami-affected areas of Sri Lanka and Indonesia. The article finds that volunteering requires much more than just a giving heart. Also, donations may be used most effectively by thinking long-term rather than just short-term. Further, donations are best administered in a way coordinated with local relief plans and in consultation with local people. The article closes by considering lessons for volunteers, donors, and humanitarian relief agencies from the Tsunami's aftermath.     

魏晋南北朝时期的灾害思想初探

魏晋南北朝时期 ,玄学的兴盛促进了人们对天人关系的重新理解 ,由此形成了天道自然观下的进步灾害思想。并进而导致了积极兴利除弊的带有朴素唯物主义因素的救灾理念。但就总体而言 ,神秘主义的阴阳灾异说在当时仍占据主流地位 ,并迫使朝廷表示对灾害的重视和对民众的关心 ,也使人们在心理上获得某些安慰。因而也不应一概否定     

An agent-based model for evaluating reforms of the National Flood Insurance Program: A benchmarked model applied to Jamaica Bay,NYC

Coastal flood risk is expected to increase as a result of climate change effects, such as sea level rise, and socioeconomic growth. To support policymakers in making adaptation decisions, accurate flood risk assessments that account for the influence of complex adaptation processes on the developments of risks are essential. In this study, we integrate the dynamic adaptive behavior of homeowners within a flood risk modeling framework. Focusing on building-level adaptation and flood insurance, the agent-based model (DYNAMO) is benchmarked with empirical data for New York City, USA. The model simulates the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and frequently proposed reforms to evaluate their effectiveness. The model is applied to a case study of Jamaica Bay, NY. Our results indicate that risk-based premiums can improve insurance penetration rates and the affordability of insurance compared to the baseline NFIP market structure. While a premium discount for disaster risk reduction incentivizes more homeowners to invest in dry-floodproofing measures, it does not significantly improve affordability. A low interest rate loan for financing risk-mitigation investments improves the uptake and affordability of dry-floodproofing measures. The benchmark and sensitivity analyses demonstrate how the behavioral component of our model matches empirical data and provides insights into the underlying theories and choices that autonomous agents make.     

基层档案编研工作浅议

档案编研工作,是档案馆基础建设工作中的一项重要内容,是档案馆开发信息资源,对外开放的一个窗口,是主动服务社会的主要途径。因此,基层档案馆必须提高对档案编研工作的作用、意义及其必要性的再认识,克服不足,加大宏观调控力度,培养一支精干、高效的档案编研工作队伍,改进编研方法,提高档案编研作品的质量,配合党的中心工作,主动服务于国家经济建设。