Measures of lack of fit from tests of chi-squared type

If X² is the Pearson chi-squared statistic for testing fit, then $\text{X}{}^2\text{n}$ has long been considered an associated measure of the degree of lack of fit. Here we consider two classes of statistics of chi-squared type, each having X² as a member. The first is a class of directed divergence statistics discussed by Cressie and Read, the second consists of nonnegative definite quadratic forms in the standardized cell frequencies. We investigate the large sample behavior of $\text{T}\text{n}$, where T is any of these statistics. A number of auxiliary results on the Cressie-Read statistics are also obtained. The measures are illustrated by application to data from classical physics compiled by Stigler.     

语言符号二重性的实体特征及其差别性消解——索绪尔语言符号理论研究

索绪尔的符号本体论鲜明地揭示了语言符号的施指受指二重性,并将处于对立关系中的施指和受指置于系统的制约之中,揭示了符号的系统属性和构成符号的施指和受指的系统属性,但索绪尔把语言符号两重性做了纯粹关系的解释,让符号在符号间巨大的差别之网中找到抽象自我同时,消解了自身指物的本质特征,从而陷入自我的根本迷失。只有在肯定语言符号物质性的基础上,索绪尔提出的语言符号两重性才真正担负起当代语言学的询问:语言为了自身的目的,选择、利用、协调了哪些物质性特征?——这才是语言学研究中的真正意义上的符号学准则。     

莫沙比利与西沙比利治疗功能性消化不良的疗效观察

目的:比较莫沙比利与西沙比利在治疗功能性消化不良的疗效及不良反应。方法:门诊功能性消化不良病人222例随机分莫沙比利组85例,西沙比利组79例,安慰剂组58例进行治疗并观察疗效和不良反应。结果:莫沙比利组总有效率85.9％,西沙比利组总有效率86.1％,安慰剂组总有效率36.2％,莫沙比利组总有效率与西沙比利组疗效差异无显著性(p>0.05),以上两组与安慰剂组相比均疗效差异显著(p<0.001),且观察到莫沙比利的不良反应少且轻微(p<0.05),结论:两药在治疗功能性消化不良均可取得满意疗效,莫沙比利的不良反应更少更轻。     

中国互联网发展的区域差异与政策治理

中国“数字鸿沟”日趋缩小,是东、中、西部地区内省际间差距的不断缩小的结果;区域知识发展水平、经济生活水平和对外开放程度对互联网发展区域差异的解释力最强,信息基础设施的影响也较显著。我们认为,政府应重点推进中西部贫困地区信息基础设施建设,优化教育环境与人才环境,提高企业电子商务应用程度,给予针对性的政策扶持,进而有效治理“数字鸿沟”难题,全面推进中国互联网均衡协调发展。      

科学技术与精神文明关系的一种定量研究方法─SPA-SM模型

把科学技术与精神文明看作是具有一定联系的两个集合,运用集对分析的同异反分析思想和联系度表达式,初步建立了一种基于集对分析的科学技术与精神文明的关系之SPA-SM模型．     

试论外宣与旅游翻译中的改写

传统的翻译理论强调忠实,反对改写原文.但在中外翻译史和翻译实践中改写普遍存在却又常常被严重忽视.尤其在外宣翻译和旅游英汉互译过程中,由于意识形态,诗学,预期读者,阅读习惯,审美情感,英汉两种语言结构及各自文化系统间客观存在着的巨大差异,使改写成为翻译的本质属性,也是翻译的必然.     

Lee discrepancy on mixed two- and three-level uniform augmented designs

Follow-up experiment is widely applied to various fields such as science and engineering, since it is an indispensable strategy, especially when some additional resources or information become available after the initial design of experiment is carried out. Moreover, some extra factors may be added in the follow-up experiment. One may augment the number of runs and/or factors for the purpose of application. In this paper, the issue of the uniform row augmented designs and column augmented designs with mixed two- and three-level is investigated. The uniformity of augmented designs is discussed under the Lee discrepancy, some lower bounds of Lee discrepancy for the augmented designs are obtained. The construction algorithm of the uniform augmented designs is given. Some numerical examples indicate that uniform augmented designs can be constructed with high efficiency.     

期望落差与企业创新的动态关系——冗余资源与竞争威胁的调节效应分析

期望落差导致决策者倾向于冒险创新还是规避风险, 这仍旧是没有解决的重要问题.创新是决策者的冒险动机与冒险能力共同作用的结果, 并且这种作用还将受到企业内部冗余资源以及外部竞争威胁的制约.基于中国民营上市公司数据, 主要得到以下几方面的结论:期望落差所引致的冒险动机与可感知冒险能力的动态变化, 最终导致了企业决策者随着企业期望落差的递增而提升创新投入, 但拐点之后其冒险创新的动力则逐渐减弱;组织冗余在期望落差与企业创新之间起到显著的正向调节作用, 即充足的冗余资源提高了落差状态下的企业创新投入;竞争威胁则在期望落差与企业创新之间起到显著的负向调节作用, 即企业面临的竞争威胁程度越高则越有可能降低它在期望落差状态下的创新投入;最后, 冗余资源与竞争威胁还显著地影响到企业创新投入的曲率及斜率的动态变化.