Elderly Prisoners: A Growing and Forgotten Group Within Correctional Systems Vulnerable to Elder Abuse

ABSTRACT

There are over 2.1 million people incarcerated in the nation's jails and prisons. Additionally, close to 600,000 prisoners are released annually into communities across the country. Many prisoners and those released from prisons are elderly. The purpose of this article is to examine the systemic abuse and neglect experienced by elderly prisoners while they are incarcerated and when they are released from prison. Most correctional systems have inadequate resources, processes, and personnel to manage the elderly population inside and outside of prisons. In addition to providing a definition of “elderly prisoner,” two specific problems–prison health care and prisoner re-entry–are examined in the article. The article concludes with recommendations for both policy and research on how best we can further understand and address the multiple needs and concerns faced by elderly prisoners.     

科学发展观视域下的公共服务型政府建设

科学发展观指导公共服务型政府建设,而公共服务型政府则是实现科学发展观的保障。公共服务型政府建设面临着观念、制度、能力等方面的问题,要进一步推进公共服务型政府建设必须从观念转变、制度创新、流程再造、能力提高等方面着手。     

Expert Systems

Summary

Expert systems are computer programs which embody the expertise of a human expert in order to consult and advise on a specific problem. It is now becoming feasible to apply expert systems technology to problems in the human services. This article describes what expert systems technology is and how it may be applied in human service practice. Finally, some of the promises and pitfalls of this new technology are addressed.     

Innovation Systems and Systems Development:Innovation Systems and Systems Development:Lessons from History and Prospects for the Future

This paper addresses the question What drives economic growth from a socio-technical perspective.It discusses the concept ofinnovation system,especially at the national level,and its three components: actors and factors,interrelationships and dynamics.Historical examples will be given from eighteenth century England (especially the Watt-Boulton steam engine firm) and the late nineteenth and early twentieth century USA (especially the contribution of Thomas Edison).Lessons are drawn for China,focusing on Har...     

The Synthetic Situation: Interactionism for a Global World

Presented as the Distinguished Lecture at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction in Boston, Massachusetts, on August 1, 2008, this article rethinks central assumptions of the interaction order as conceptualized by Goffman and others with respect to global domains of activity. 1 It proposes two new concepts, that of the synthetic situation and that of time transactions. Synthetic situations are situations that include electronically transmitted on‐screen projections that add informational depth and new response requirements to the “ecological huddle” ( Goffman 1964 :135) of the natural situation. Global situations invariably include such components; we also find that temporal forms of integration may substitute for joint territoriality of copresence in the natural situation. Based on research on global currency trading and other empirical examples, I identify four types of synthetic situations and describe the synthetic situation's informational character, its ontological fluidity, and the phenomenon that synthetic situations may become role‐others for participants. I outline the response system of synthetic situations, sketching out the concepts of response presence and its implications in this context as well as the importance of embodiment. I also discuss time transactions and the idea of fatefulness as a symbolic charge linked to the synthetic components of the situation.     

从颜俊彦《盟水斋存牍》看明末广州、澳门贸易制度若干变动

《盟水斋存牍》是明末一部史料价值颇高的文集。作者颜俊彦,崇祯元年至四年任广州推官,《盟水斋存牍》就是他在任时处理的勘合、谳略、翻案、矜审、公移等的结集,涉及刑事、民事、诉讼等司法及行政实务,对明末广州、澳门贸易及相关管理制度变动也多有记载。如海道副使原来督察海防,兼管夷务、带管市舶,万历年间明神宗派太监李凤、高寀督办粤、闽榷税,使海道副使的超常权力被剥离,退出市舶管理。明中叶主管朝贡贸易的清闲衙门市舶司重新掌管税收,还协助海禁、防范接济走私等,权势膨胀,产生严重的贪污腐化,号称濒海贪泉。此外,广州、澳门的揽头、铺行、夷商纲纪也十分活跃,参与贸易。这些对了解明末广中事例演变具有重要的史料价值。     

高校人事工作中引入ISO 9000质量管理体系初探

ISO 9000质量管理体系为解决目前高校人事工作质量管理方面的问题提供了新的模板。介绍ISO 9000质量管理体系的概况,并从可行性和必要性两个角度分析了高校人事工作中引入ISO 9000质量管理体系的意义。     

网络游戏分级制度比较研究

网络游戏分级制度旨在唤醒社会对网络游戏的理性认识,增强游戏行业主体对网游产业的责任感和参与感,促进网络游戏行业的健康发展。网络游戏分级制度有助于解决确保网游行业健康有序地竞争与发展与保护作为网络游戏最大消费群体的未成年人权利免受侵害的两难命题。北美ESRB、欧洲PEGI、日本CERO的游戏分级制度实践为我们提供了比较研究和可资借鉴的范本。     

A generalized negative binomial and applications

A generalized negative binomial distribution is derived from the Markov Bernoulli sequence of successes and failures. We study the properties and applications of this distribution. The properties are illustrated by two examples of discrete time queueing systems. The distribution is then fitted to two data sets, the eruption record of Mt. Sangay, and a record of computer disk failure accesses. In the first case there is a strong serial dependence in the data and the generalized negative binomial provides a good fit, while in the second case, although there is a significant serial dependence, it is insufficient to justify the additional parameter of the distribution. We conclude by demonstrating the usefulness of the distribution in the field of statistical quality control.     

The robustness of the systemwise breusch-godfrey autocorrelation test for non-normal distributed error terms

Using Monte Carlo methods, the properties of systemwise generalisations of the Breusch-Godfrey test for autocorrelated errors are studied in situations when the error terms follow either normal or non-normal distributions, and when these errors follow either AR(1) or MA(1) processes. Edgerton and Shukur (1999) studied the properties of the test using normally distributed error terms and when these errors follow an AR(1) process. When the errors follow a non-normal distribution, the performances of the tests deteriorate especially when the tails are very heavy. The performances of the tests become better (as in the case when the errors are generated by the normal distribution) when the errors are less heavy tailed.